Messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticle tumour vaccination

Abstract

Use of mRNA-based vaccines for tumour immunotherapy has gained increasing attention in recent years. A growing number of studies applying nanomedicine concepts to mRNA tumour vaccination show that the mRNA delivered in nanoparticle format can generate a more robust immune response. Advances in the past decade have deepened our understanding of gene delivery barriers, mRNA’s biological stability and immunological properties, and support the notion for engineering innovations tailored towards a more efficient mRNA nanoparticle vaccine delivery system. In this review we will first examine the suitability of mRNA for engineering manipulations, followed by discussion of a model framework that highlights the barriers to a robust anti-tumour immunity mediated by mRNA encapsulated in nanoparticles. Finally, by consolidating existing literature on mRNA nanoparticle tumour vaccination within the context of this framework, we aim to identify bottlenecks that can be addressed by future nanoengineering research.

An Orthogonal Array Optimization of Lipid-like Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery in Vivo

“…Four formulation components were assigned in the following orthogonal experiments with a fixed TT/mRNA ratio (10/1). TT3 -DOPE LLNs 1–1 to 1–16 were prepared according to the orthogonal array design table L 16 (4) 4 and used to transfect Hep3B cells (Supporting Information Table S1a). The average luminescence intensity ( K n ) of each factor in the same level (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) and the difference (ΔK) between the highest and lowest values of each factor were used to evaluate the impact of the levels and factors to the transfection efficiency, respectively.…”

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cell-specific delivery of messenger RNA and microRNA by recombinant MS2 virus-like particles carrying cell-penetrating peptide

“…Messenger RNA (mRNA)/microRNA-based vaccines and immunotherapy have great potential in cancers and infectious diseases (Cech and Steitz 2014;Phua et al 2014). In previous studies, the MS2 capsid without inserted peptide can package the RNA (mRNA (Li et al 2014), microRNA (Pan et al 2012), antisense oligonucleotides (Wu et al 2005)) by interacting with a specific 19-nuclotide stem-loop (pac site) generally located at the 3′ terminus of the target RNA.…”

Defining Optimized Properties of Modified mRNA to Enhance Virus- and DNA- Independent Protein Expression in Adult Stem Cells and Fibroblasts

“…Meanwhile, vaccination of autologous dendritic cells, where antigen-encoding transcripts were delivered in vivo , yield plenty of benefits [10,11,12,13,14], e.g. in the field of cancer immunotherapy and for therapeutic vaccination against HIV-1.…”