Met-enkephalin, ?-endorphin and cortisol responses to sub-maximal exercise after sleep disturbances

Abstract

The present study compared the effects of partial sleep deprivation and the effects of an intake of a hypnotic compound (zolpidem) prior to bedtime, on sleep and on hormonal and metabolic adaptations to subsequent exercise. Sleep deprivation consisted of a delayed bedtime and an early getting-up time. Eight young subjects, who slept well and were highly trained athletes, were enrolled in this study. Sleep was recorded polygraphically and the following afternoon exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 75% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) after a 10-min warm up. Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, cortisol, and lactate concentrations were measured at rest and during exercise. The data obtained after experimental sleep, with and without medication were compared with those obtained in the reference condition with normal sleep. Both types of sleep reduction decreased the total sleep time, stage 2 sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep, whereas zolpidem administration did not modify either the duration of sleep or the sleep stages. After the reference night, plasma met-enkephalin did not show any significant change at the end of the submaximal exercise, whereas beta-endorphin, cortisol, and lactic acid concentrations increased significantly in all subjects. The changes in concentration in beta-endorphin were significantly related to the changes in cortisol (r = 0.78; P less than 0.01) and to the changes in plasma lactic acid (r = 0.58; P less than 0.05). Cortisol concentrations were also related to lactic acid values (r = 0.94; P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The safety and tolerability of zolpidem — an update

“…In several studies with zolpidem, involving both elderly and non-elderly subjects and patients, there was no evidence of residual next-day effects, based on standard measures of daytime sleepiness, psychomotor performance, and attention (Borbe ly et al, 1988;Lund et al, 1988;Merlotti et al, 1989;Vogel et al, 1989;Bensimon et al, 1990;DeJong et al, 1991;Kryger et al, 1991;Bergougnan et al, 1992;Mougin et al, 1992;Richens et al, 1993;Sicard et al, 1993;Guieu et al, 1994). Standard procedures used to evaluate the residual effects of zolpidem were the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, as well as the DSST, and the Symbol Copying Test, which measure alertness/attention and psychomotor performance (Unden and Schechter, 1996) (Table 6).…”

Effect of sleep disturbance on biomarkers related to the development of adverse health outcomes: A systematic review of the human literature

“…A total of 28 studies were identified that reported on the impact of sleep stages, slow wave sleep, sleep efficiency, awakenings, and sleep duration on cortisol (Table S32) (Born, Schenk, Spath‐Schwalbe, & Fehm, 1988; Broussard et al, 2015; Castro‐Diehl et al, 2015; Cros et al, 2019; D'Aurea et al, 2015; Donga et al, 2010b; Ekstedt et al, 2004; Fernandez‐Mendoza et al, 2014; Gonnissen, Hursel, Rutters, Martens, & Westerterp‐Plantenga, 2013; Hatzinger et al, 2008; Klingenberg et al, 2013; Mougin et al, 1992; Nedeltcheva, Kessler, Imperial, & Penev, 2009; Oztürk et al, 1999; Räikkönen et al, 2010; Rao et al, 2015; Reynolds et al, 2012; Scher, Hall, Zaidman‐Zait, & Weinberg, 2010; Schmid et al, 2011; Schüssler et al, 2006; Spath‐Schwalbe, Scholler, Kern, Fehm, & Born, 1992; Spiegel, Leproult, & Van Cauter, 1999; Tsai, Chou, Tsai, Yen, & Niu, 2019; Ukraintseva et al, 2020; Vargas & Lopez‐Duran, 2020; Vgontzas et al, 2004; Wang, Greer, Porter, Kaur, & Youngstedt, 2016; Zhang et al, 2011). Concerns with risk of bias due to confounding, classification of exposures, missing data, measurement of outcomes, randomisation process, and deviations from intended interventions were identified (Tables S33 and S34).…”

Psychophysiology of sleep deprivation and disruption.

“…However, submaximal performance, as measured by different weight-lifting tasks, declined after three successive nights of 3 hours of sleep (Reilly & Piercy, 1994). A single night of 3 hours of sleep has been shown to decrease maximum oxygen consumption and significantly increase heart rate and ventilation at submaximal exercise (Mougin et al, 1991). Met-enkephalin, P-endorphin, and cortisol levels are not affected by submaximal exercise after sleep restriction, but lactate levels are increased (Mougin et al, 1992).…”