Psychophysiology of sleep deprivation and disruption.

Abstract

WALSH A N D LINDBLOMtransportation. A good portion of school-aged children struggle with algebra, civics, and creative writing under the burden of a sleep debt, with no awareness on the part of educators, parents, or the students themselves. Most researchers believe that as a nation we have a deep debt that is every bit as important as the national economic debt.The scientific knowledge on which this chapter is based is voluminous and precludes a true critical review. There are nevertheless a number of methodological concerns that are common to virtually all studies of sleep loss or disruption. The reader must be aware of the way in which these factors mediate the data obtained and their interpretation. In particular, the reader should be cautioned about the apparent discrepancy between the effects of sleep deprivation on human performance in the laboratory and the actual impact in society. The inability to conduct blind studies and the Hawthorne effect undoubtedly heighten motivation and performance in all sleep deprivation research. Moreover, practice effects and the scarcity of studies examining higher cognitive functioning are other significant limitations. This body of research should be viewed as characterizing the types of human behaviors most likely to be influenced by sleep loss, rather than as an absolute measure of impairment in real-world situations.The first section of this chapter reviews factors that modify the response to sleep deprivation. The remaining sections of the chapter review the effects of TSD, partial sleep deprivation (PSD), selective sleep deprivation (SSD), and sleep fragmentation (SF) on human performance and physiology.

Can Work Engagement Be a Resource for Reducing Workaholism’s Undesirable Outcomes? A Multiple Mediating Model Including Moderated Mediation Analysis

“…Sleep is an important healing for recovery from daily strains and, therefore, a prerequisite for optimal daily functioning and health [13]. Walsh and Lindblom [14] suggest that sleep must be sufficiently continuous to be restorative. Sleep problems are a serious threat to the health and well-being of employees, affecting cognitive performance, and mental and physical health [15].…”

Assessment of cognitive learning function in children with obstructive sleep breathing disorders

“…Although there is a growing consensus that the prevalence of sleep deprivation in our society has increased, the impact of sleep loss on cognitive abilities has not been clearly established. 21 Furthermore, the cognitive consequences of the interruption of sleep patterns and hypoxemia as a result of breathing disorders in children with OSAHS are still poorly defined in this group. 22 , 23 A study with rodents demonstrated that intermittent hypoxemia induces a substantial increase in neuron cell loss as well as adverse effects on special memory even if sleep fragmentation or deprivation is absent.…”

Utility of Personality Measurement of Clinic Patients with Insomnia

“…Individuals with psychological difficulties and insomnia have been well studied (Walsh & Lindblom, 1997;Walsh & Engelhart, 1999). Kales, Caldwell, Preston, Healy, and Kales (1976) and Kalogjera-Sackellares and Cartwright (1997) identified the psychological effect of insomnia using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).…”