Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression: An Alternative to Multilevel Analysis When the Number of Countries Is Small

Liefbroer, Aart C.; Zoutewelle-Terovan, Mioara

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67345-1_6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…First, estimates of prevalence ratios and their standard errors were obtained for each country as described above. Second, pooled estimates across all countries were obtained by weighing country-specific prevalence ratios inversely by their standard errors, using a two-step meta-analytic approach [ 29 ] through the metan command in Stata. The analytical approach is commonly used in meta-analyses of separate studies, with the only difference being that the prevalence ratios had been generated in our own individual-level analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2022

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Background Within-country inequalities in birth registration coverage (BRC) have been documented according to wealth, place of residence and other household characteristics. We investigated whether sex of the head of household was associated with BRC. Methods Using data from nationally-representative surveys (Demographic and Health Survey or Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) from 93 low and middle-income countries (LMICs) carried out in 2010 or later, we developed a typology including three main types of households: male-headed (MHH) and female-led with or without an adult male resident. Using Poisson regression, we compared BRC for children aged less than 12 months living the three types of households within each country, and then pooled results for all countries. Analyses were also adjusted for household wealth quintiles, maternal education and urban-rural residence. Results BRC ranged from 2.2% Ethiopia to 100% in Thailand (median 79%) while the proportion of MHH ranged from 52.1% in Ukraine to 98.3% in Afghanistan (median 72.9%). In most countries the proportion of poor families was highest in FHH (no male) and lowest in FHH (any male), with MHH occupying an intermediate position. Of the 93 countries, in the adjusted analyses, FHH (no male) had significantly higher BRC than MHH in 13 countries, while in eight countries the opposite trend was observed. The pooled analyses showed t BRC ratios of 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00; 1.01) for FHH (any male) relative to MHH, and also 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00; 1.01) for FHH (no male) relative to MHH. These analyses also showed a high degree of heterogeneity among countries. Conclusion Sex of the head of household was not consistently associated with BRC in the pooled analyses but noteworthy differences in different directions were found in specific countries. Formal and informal benefits to FHH (no male), as well as women’s ability to allocate household resources to their children in FHH, may explain why this vulnerable group has managed to offset a potential disadvantage to their children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2022

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“…However, meta‐regression may lead to invalid conclusions and misleading findings when it is based on aggregated data (Geissbühler et al, 2020) and could be less accurate than individual subject level as a predictor (Berlin & Antman, 1994). Therefore, as recommended by Liefbroer and Zoutewelle‐Terovan (2021), individual subject levels analysis when dealing with variables at multiple levels was further conducted to investigate how education level moderated the effect of pedagogical approaches on learning performance. Table 4 further shows the effects of the interaction of pedagogical approaches with the fields of education on learning performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which pedagogical approaches are more effective in mobile learning? A meta‐analysis and research synthesis

Tlili,

Salha,

Garzón

et al. 2024

Computer Assisted Learning

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Background StudySeveral meta‐analysis studies have investigated the effects of mobile learning on learning performance. However, limited attention has been paid to pedagogy in mobile learning, making quantitative evidence of the effects of pedagogical approaches on learning performance in mobile learning scarce. Filling this gap can therefore help stakeholders understand which mobile pedagogical approaches might work or not under which learning conditions, hence achieving better learning experience and performance.ObjectivesTo address this gap, this study conducted a meta‐analysis and research synthesis of the effects of integrated pedagogical approaches on students' learning performance in mobile learning. Additionally, this study analysed the field of education, level of education, learning setting, sample size, and mobile device as moderating variables of the effect of pedagogical approaches.MethodsThe software Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis V.3 was used for this meta‐analysis, where Hedges' g was calculated for the effect sizes. Specifically, 70 quantitative studies (N = 5575 participants) were coded and analysed.ResultsThe results indicate that pedagogical approaches in mobile learning have a large effect on students' learning performance (g = 0.93, p < 0.001). The most effective pedagogical approach was project‐based learning (huge effect), while collaborative learning, situated learning and game‐based learning had large effects. Finally, cognitive theory of multimedia learning and inquiry‐based learning had medium effects. The results also indicate that the effect is moderated by the field of education, the level of education, the learning setting, the sample size, and the mobile device. Finally, it is found that study quality might influence the overall effect size.ConclusionsThe findings of this study can be beneficial to both researchers and practitioners as they highlight and discuss which pedagogical approaches could be more effective in mobile learning under specific conditions. Further research, on the other hand, should focus on covering additional moderators of learning performance like mobile device type and screen size which is one of the limitations of this study.

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“…To test whether the integration paradox systematically depends on country-level conditions, as predicted by H4, I apply meta-regression techniques. This method is recommended above multilevel models with random slopes and cross-level interactions when the number of level-2 cases (in this case countries) is small, i.e., below 30 (Bryan & Jenkins, 2016;Liefbroer & Zoutewelle-Terovan, 2021). An additional advantage of this methodology is that it allows for a closer inspection and better visualization of model fit and country-level outliers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Societal Discrimination among Immigrants across 17 European Countries: Extending the Integration Paradox?

van Tubergen

2024

Preprint

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This study contributes to the literature on immigrants’ perceived discrimination in two ways. First, while earlier work focused on personal or group-level discrimination, this paper develops and tests a theory of perceived societal discrimination, i.e., immigrants’ perceptions of how prevalent different types of discrimination are in their society. Importantly, immigrants’ views of societal discrimination encompass ‘out-group empathy’, i.e., beliefs about the frequency with which out-groups experience discrimination. Second, whereas existing literature relied on single-country designs, this study provides a cross-national examination, offering insights into the effects of country-level conditions on perceived discrimination. Based on survey data from 12,000 first- and second-generation immigrants in 17 European countries, results show differences between minority groups, with Muslim immigrants perceiving higher religious discrimination and black immigrants being more attuned to skin color discrimination in society. The study further reveals a positive association between immigrant integration and perceived societal discrimination. Evidence suggests that this ‘integration paradox’ holds for both Muslim and non-Muslim immigrants, black and non-black immigrants, and also for Muslim immigrants who wear traditional religious clothing and those who don’t. Finally, the study supports the ‘Tocqueville paradox,’ indicating that in countries with more extensive anti-discrimination laws, the relationship between integration and perceived societal discrimination is amplified.

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Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression: An Alternative to Multilevel Analysis When the Number of Countries Is Small

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries

Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries

Which pedagogical approaches are more effective in mobile learning? A meta‐analysis and research synthesis

Perceived Societal Discrimination among Immigrants across 17 European Countries: Extending the Integration Paradox?

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