Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma

Abstract

Aim The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma. Study Design An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient's demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan. Results Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21-30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirtyseven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %). Conclusion The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.

Mandibular Fractures

“…14 However, they are in contrast to the findings from Tasmania, Australia where more mandibular fractures are due to assaults than to road traffic accident, doubtless because of the application of firm traffic regulations and public awareness. 4 Earlier epidemiological reports have identified mainly road traffic accidents and then falls as the chief causes of fractures of the mandible in developing countries 1,3,17,18 , and interpersonal violence and assaults in developed nations. 3,5,16,19 The high incidence of fractures in Pakistan due to road traffic accidents is largely due to poor legislation regarding road safety and driving, as well as a profound lack of cognizance.…”

“…4 Earlier epidemiological reports have identified mainly road traffic accidents and then falls as the chief causes of fractures of the mandible in developing countries 1,3,17,18 , and interpersonal violence and assaults in developed nations. 3,5,16,19 The high incidence of fractures in Pakistan due to road traffic accidents is largely due to poor legislation regarding road safety and driving, as well as a profound lack of cognizance. 1,11,14,20 Falls and firearm injuries both are common in a society with nearly a quarter of the people mired in tribal culture, where ownership of weapons is conventional, and life is spent in mountains and hills.…”

“…The maxillofacial area has one of the highest reported frequencies of injuries in the human body, 1,2 with the mandible being especially commonly affected due to its relative protuberance as compared to the rest of the facial skeleton. 1,[3][4][5][6] Mandibular fractures are reported to have an incidence of 15.5% to 59% among facial trauma worldwide, and they are considered to be the second most common facial fractures presenting to the ER. 7 The epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries differs from one country to the next and is time dependent.…”

“…According to anatomy, Zygomatic complex and mandible fractures make up the majority of maxillofacial fractures and their occurrence varies according to demography (particularly age and gender), and the mechanism of trauma. 3 With this study, we aim to identify the patterns of incidence, etiology, age groups, anatomical location and gender in patients presenting with mandibular fractures and to compare the patterns of the aforementioned variables to previous studies, in order to aid in the development of…”

Incidence, Aetiology, and Associated Fracture Patterns of Infraorbital Nerve Injuries Following Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis of 272 Patients

“…Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures comprise 5.7-44.3% of all facial bone fractures. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Young men are predominantly affected, generally due to interpersonal violence or fall injuries. Fractures of the infraorbital rim are particularly frequent, with the fracture line most commonly involving the infraorbital canal or orbital floor.…”