Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Pilotto, Francesca; Kühn, Ingolf; Adrian, Rita; Alber, Renate; Alignier, Audrey; Andrews, Chris; Bäck, Jaana; Barbaro, Luc; Beaumont, D. A.; Beenaerts, Natalie; Benham, Sue; Boukal, David S.; Bretagnolle, Vincent; Camatti, Elisa; Canullo, Roberto; Cardoso, P.G.; Ens, Bruno J.; Everaert, Gert; Evtimova, Vesela; Feuchtmayr, Heidrun; García‐González, Ricardo; García, Daniel Gómez; Grandin, Ulf; Gutowski, Jerzy M.; Hadar, Liat; Halada, L.; Halassy, Melinda; Hummel, H.; Huttunen, Kaisa Leena; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Kalivoda, Henrik; Schmidt, Inger Kappel; Kröncke, Ingrid; Leinonen, Reima; Martinho, Filipe; Meesenburg, Henning; Meyer, Julia; Minerbi, Stefano; Monteith, Don; Nikolov, Boris P.; Oró, Daniel; Ozoliņš, Dāvis; Padedda, Bachisio Mario; Pallett, D.; Pansera, Marco; Pardal, Miguel Ângelo; Petriccione, Bruno; Pipan, Tanja; Pöyry, Juha; Schäfer, Stefanie; Schaub, Marcus; Schneider, Susanne C.; Skuja, Agnija; Soetaert, Karline; Spriņģe, Gunta; Stanchev, Radoslav; Stockan, Jenni A.; Stoll, Stefan; Sundqvist, Lisa; Thimonier, Anne; Hoey, Gert Van; Ryckegem, Gunther Van; Visser, Marcel E.; Vorhauser, Samuel; Haase, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17171-y

Cited by 152 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In contrast, the loss of native macroinvertebrates overweighed the gains from non‐native species, and therefore α‐diversity decreased. Our results, therefore, confirm previous considerations that variations in species composition are more informative indicators of changes in biotic communities than α‐diversity metrics (Pilotto et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Two centuries for an almost complete community turnover from native to non‐native species in a riverine ecosystem

Haubrock

Pilotto

Innocenti

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Non‐native species introductions affect freshwater communities by changing community compositions, functional roles, trait occurrences and ecological niche spaces. Reconstructing such changes over long periods is difficult due to limited data availability. We collected information spanning 215 years on fish and selected macroinvertebrate groups (Mollusca and Crustacea) in the inner‐Florentine stretch of the Arno River (Italy) and associated water grid, to investigate temporal changes. We identified an almost complete turnover from native to non‐native fish (1800: 92% native; 2015: 94% non‐native species) and macroinvertebrate species (1800: 100% native; 2015: 70% non‐native species). Non‐native fish species were observed ~50 years earlier compared to macroinvertebrate species, indicating phased invasion processes. In contrast, α‐diversity of both communities increased significantly following a linear pattern. Separate analyses of changes in α‐diversities for native and non‐native species of both fish and macroinvertebrates were nonlinear. Functional richness and divergence of fish and macroinvertebrate communities decreased non‐significantly, as the loss of native species was compensated by non‐native species. Introductions of non‐native fish and macroinvertebrate species occurred outside the niche space of native species. Native and non‐native fish species exhibited greater overlap in niche space over time (62%–68%) and non‐native species eventually replaced native species. Native and non‐native macroinvertebrate niches overlapped to a lesser extent (15%–30%), with non‐natives occupying mostly unoccupied niche space. These temporal changes in niche spaces of both biotic groups are a direct response to the observed changes in α‐diversity and species turnover. These changes are potentially driven by deteriorations in hydromorphology as indicated by alterations in trait modalities. Additionally, we identified that angling played a considerable role for fish introductions. Our results support previous findings that the community turnover from native to non‐native species can be facilitated by, for example, deteriorating environmental conditions and that variations in communities are multifaceted requiring more indicators than single metrics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Two centuries for an almost complete community turnover from native to non‐native species in a riverine ecosystem

Haubrock

Pilotto

Innocenti

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…Additionally, declining populations may not only be less able to disperse and colonize new areas (fewer individuals that emigrate) but also have a lower potential for adjusting in situ, because of loss of genetic variability (Anderson 2016). Large declines in insect populations have recently been reported, and although these trends vary greatly between regions and taxa (Crossley et al 2020;van Klinket al 2020;Pilotto et al 2020), our results also point to comprehensive population declines among Finnish Lepidoptera as 38.5% of the studied species showed negative population trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining range and phenology shifts offers a winning strategy for boreal Lepidoptera

Hällfors

Pöyry

Heliölä

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Species can adapt to climate change by adjusting in situ or by dispersing to new areas, and these strategies may complement or enhance each other. Here, we investigate temporal shifts in phenology and spatial shifts in northern range boundaries for 289 Lepidoptera species by using long-term data sampled over two decades. While 40% of the species neither advanced phenology nor moved northward, nearly half (47%) -used one of the two strategies. The strongest positive population trends was observed for the minority of species (13%) that both advanced flight phenology and shifted their northern range boundaries northward. We show that, for Boreal Lepidoptera, a combination of phenology and range shifts is the most viable strategy under a changing climate. Effectively, this may divide species into winners and losers based on their propensity to capitalize on this combination, with potentially large consequences on future community composition.

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“…Their assessment, driven largely by European and North American datasets, suggested terrestrial insects were declining at a rate close to 1% per year, while aquatic insects appeared to be increasing in abundance, again by about 1% per year. Pilotto et al (52) analyzed the abundance, richness, diversity, and faunal turnover for 161 long-term biological time series (15 to 91 y) for more than 6,000 European marine, freshwater, and terrestrial animal and plant taxa; 53 of their datasets were for insects. They found that freshwater insects had increased in diversity (but not abundance).…”

Section: History Of Insect Decline Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%