Metabolic activity of Trypanosoma lewisi cultured in vitro in the presence of normal or ablastinic rat serum

Drew, Paul A.; Jenkin, CR

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(85)90479-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…AMPK has also been reported to have the direct effect on virus entry via viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (41). AMPK modifies ACE2 by phosphorylating ACE2 at Ser680 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells (42)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biguanides Associate with Decreased Early Mortality and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

Sugimoto,

Kikuchi,

Sohara

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundBiguanide (BG) is the most-prescribed oral glucose-lowering medication worldwide and has potential for further therapeutic applications. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency. Nevertheless, there are still no established low-cost treatments against COVID-19, of which the morbidity and mortality rates varing from country to country. Therefore, a nationwide study of the COVID-19 affected population is essential to explore therapeutic effect of BG against COVID-19.MethodsFrom the inpatient databases in Japan, covering the period from September 2021 to March 2023, which encompasses the era following the development of COVID-19 vaccines, we extracted data of 168,370 COVID-19 patients aged 20 to under 80 years who were suffered from diabetes mellitus treated with oral antidiabetic agents. The primary outcome was 100-day in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization. We compared outcomes in patients who received BG with those in patients who did not, using a logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards under both propensity score-unmatched and matched cohorts.ResultsThe incidence of in-hospital death was significantly lower in the BG group (1.18 %) compared to the non-BG group (2.41%) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the incidence of AKI during hospitalization was significantly lower in the BG group (0.66 %) compared to the non-BG group (1.12%) (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis from the propensity-score matched cohort showed a significantly better survival rate in the BG group (adjusted HR, 0.580; 95% CI 0.510-0.658; p < 0.001).ConclusionIn COVID-19 patients, the use of oral biguanide use may be associated with a reduced in-hospital mortality and risk of AKI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biguanides Associate with Decreased Early Mortality and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

Sugimoto,

Kikuchi,

Sohara

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…First, surface IgG (sIgG) has ablastic activity (7,20). Ablastin, an IgG antibody activity that appears early in week 1 of infection, transforms the reproducing parasites present in the blood at this time into morphologically (5,31), antigenically (6), and physiologically (10,26,29) distinct, nonreproducing adult forms. However, ablastin does not activate immune-effector mechanisms that damage parasites; the specific elimination of untransformed, reproducing parasites that occurs during the middle of week 2 of infection is mediated by a distinct trypanocidal antibody response (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

A surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma lewisi binds immunoglobulin G from the serum of uninfected rats

Balber¹,

Sturtevant²

1986

Infect Immun

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Detergent extracts of whole Trypanosoma lewisi were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose for immunoblotting analysis. Antibody probes to rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM detected intact y chains, , chains, and light chains in extracts. The amount of immunoglobulin detected increased as the infection progressed. Transfers were also incubated in serum from conventionally reared (CRS), specific-pathogen-free (SPFS), or germ-free rats before being probed with anti-rat IgG or anti-rat IgM. Components of 200, 175, and 120 kilodaltons (kDa) bound IgM from all sera tested and were present in extracts of trypanosomes isolated from lethally irradiated or intact rats on different days during infection. No parasite components bound IgG from serum of germ-free rats. However, 145-, 175-, and 200-kDa components bound IgG from CRS and SPFS. A 74-kDa protein was the major IgG-binding component in extracts of reproducing parasites. This component bound much more IgG from CRS than it bound from SPFS. The 74-kDa protein was removed from parasites by mild trypsinization and corresponded to a major surface glycoprotein detected when intact cells were radioiodinated. These results indicate that natural antibodies to T. lewisi exist in rats or that these parasites have surface proteins that bind immunoglobulins without regard to antigenic specificity.

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Rodent trypanosomes: Their conflict with the immune system of the host

Albright

1991

Parasitology Today

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Metabolic activity of Trypanosoma lewisi cultured in vitro in the presence of normal or ablastinic rat serum

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Biguanides Associate with Decreased Early Mortality and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

Biguanides Associate with Decreased Early Mortality and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

A surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma lewisi binds immunoglobulin G from the serum of uninfected rats

Rodent trypanosomes: Their conflict with the immune system of the host

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