Metabolic alterations in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis after treatment with carboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded, reduced glutathione nanoparticles

Abstract

Background: Subclinical ketosis (SCK) causes economic losses in the dairy industry because it reduces the milk production and reproductive performance of cows. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate whether carboxymethyl chitosan-loaded reduced glutathione (CMC-rGSH) nanoparticles can alleviate the incidence or degree of SCK in a herd. Animals: Holstein dairy cows 21 days postpartum (n = 15). Methods: The trial uses a prospective study. Five cows with serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) ≥1.20 mmol/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <100 IU/L were assigned to group T1, 5 cows with BHBA ≥1.20 mmol/L and AST >100 IU/L to group T2, and 5 cows with BHBA <1.00 mmol/L and AST <100 IU/L to group C. Carboxymethyl chitosan-loaded reduced glutathione (0.012 mg/kg body weight per cow) was administered to cows in T1 and T2 once daily via jugular vein for 6 days after diagnosis. Serum from all groups were collected 1 day before administration, then on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 after administration to determine the changes in biochemical index and 1 H-NMR.

Untitled

“…(Neculai-Valeanu & Ariton, 2022). A particularly important period for dairy cows is the period of three weeks before and after calving (Zhao et al, 2020). During this period, health problems may occur.…”

Investigating the Uses of ‘’Nanotechnology’’ as an Alternative Approach to Increasing Animal Welfare in Dairy Cattle

“…There is feed quality, metabolic and reproduction disorders, infectious diseases, barn facilities, and pollutants. Some examples of the application of nanotechnology to solve those dairy challenges are Ag nanoparticles at concentrations lower than the MIC drastically inhibited production of aflatoxin by A. parasiticus (Mousavi and Pourtalebi, 2015), carboxymethyl chitosan-loaded reduced glutathione treatment might alleviate SCK by enhancing gluconeogenesis and reducing ketogenesis in amino acids (Zhao et al, 2020), nanotube implanted under the skin to provide real time measurement of changes in the level of estradiol in the blood (Patil et al, 2009), Ag nanoparticles had marked antibacterial effect against bacteria isolated from calf diarrhoea (Zeedan et al, 2018), TiO 2 nanocoating system filled with hollow microspheres reflects solar radiation of all incoming wavelengths (Sandin et al, 2017), and the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles into the manure were reduced significantly (Alvarado et al, 2015). Because of that, nanotechnology is an alternative instrument that can be selected to solve dairy farming challenges in the future.…”

Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

“…Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) technology has been increasingly used for cows to probe the differences in metabolites between diseased and non-diseased states. However, these studies involved negative energy balance [14], inactive ovaries [15], displaced abomasum [16], milk fever [17], mastitis [18], and ketosis [19][20][21][22][23], but not VED. For metabolic phenotyping, 1 H NMR spectroscopy is among the preferred analytical techniques [24].…”