Metabolic and Cardiac Autonomic Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training Protocol in Wistar Rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of metabolic and autonomic nervous control on high-intensity resistance training (HRT) as determined by pancreatic glucose sensitivity (GS), insulin sensitivity (IS), blood lactate ([La]), and heart rate variability (HRV) in rats. Thirty male, albino Wistar rats (292 ± 20 g) were divided into 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), low-resistance training (LRT), and HRT. The animals in the HRT group were submitted to a high-resistance protocol with a progressively increasing load relative to body weight until exhaustion, whereas the LRT group performed the same exercise regimen with no load progression. The program was conducted 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The [La], parameters related to the functionality of pancreatic tissue, and HRV were measured. There was a significant increase in peak [La] only in the HRT group, but there was a reduction in [La] when corrected to the maximal load in both trained groups (LRT and HRT, p < 0.05). Both trained groups exhibited an increase in IS; however, compared with SC and LRT, HRT demonstrated a significantly higher GS posttraining (p < 0.05). With respect to HRV, the low-frequency (LF) band, in milliseconds squared, reduced in both trained groups, but the high-frequency band, in milliseconds squared and nu, increased, and the LF in nu, decreased only in the HRT group (p < 0.05). The HRT protocol produced significant and beneficial metabolic and cardiac autonomic adaptations. These results provide evidence for the positive benefits of HRT in counteracting metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Muscle hypertrophy and ladder‐based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Corroborating, Deus et al. (2012) demonstrated that the LRT, without any additional load, is already sufficient to increase the load‐carrying capacity by the rodent, having its function enhanced by increasing the training load. In addition, morphological adjustments to peripheral nerves may explain, in part, the increase in muscle strength without necessarily increasing the size of the muscle or its fibers (Carbone et al., 2017).…”

“…Rodent sample number per group varied from 4 to 18 rats. Twenty‐three articles described the rat's initial body mass (Antonio‐Santos et al., 2016; Cassilhas et al., 2013; Deus et al., 2012; Deschenes et al., 1994; Deschenes, Sherman, Roby, Glass, & Harris, 2015; Domingos et al., 2012; Gil & Kim, 2015; Grans et al., 2014; Hornberger & Farrar, 2004; Jung et al., 2015; Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Lee, Hong, & Kim, 2016; Mônico‐Neto et al, 2015; Nascimento et al., 2013; Neves et al, 2019; Padilha et al, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019; Prestes et al, 2009, 2012; Ribeiro et al, 2017; Shamsi et al, 2013; Souza et al., 2014; Tibana et al, 2017). Ladder‐based equipment structure varied from 1–1.3 m of height and 70–90° of inclination between studies.…”

“…Nineteen articles published data about the maximum load‐carrying tests protocol (Antonio‐Santos et al., 2016; Carbone et al., 2017; Chi et al., 2020; Deus et al., 2012; Domingos et al., 2012; Gil & Kim, 2015; Gomes, Borges, Rossi, Moura, & Medeiros, 2017; Grans et al., 2014; Hornberger & Farrar, 2004; Kwon et al, 2018; Lim et al, 2018; Mônico‐Neto et al, 2015; Neves et al, 2019; Padilha et al, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019; Perrilhão et al, 2019; Prestes et al, 2009; Souza et al., 2014; Souza et al, 2017). LRT presented a positive effect on the maximum load‐carrying capacity (16 studies, SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p < .00001, I 2 = 90%, Figure 11).…”

Low‐level laser therapy associated with high intensity resistance training on cardiac autonomic control of heart rate and skeletal muscle remodeling in wistar rats

“…Resistance training elicits numerous health‐related benefits . Resistance exercise has been shown to improve lipid profile , glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, increase basal metabolic rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and muscle and bone mass , and reduces body fat, blood pressure, and fatigue. In addition, phototherapy has been combined with dynamic exercise to enhance physical performance and improve health in experimental models and clinical trials .…”

Controle cardiovascular em fêmeas ooforectomizadas diabéticas: efeitos do treinamento físico dinâmico aeróbio, resistido ou combinado

“…Considerando que a mortalidade no DM está fortemente associada a complicações macro vasculares (aterosclerose), enquanto a disfunção microvascular (retinopatia, neuropatia e nefropatia) contribui significativamente para a Introdução 14 morbidade, o treinamento físico combinado pode ser uma importante estratégia no manejo da disfunção endotelial, a qual é um componente integral na patogênese da doença cardiovascular (Maiorana et al, 2001). De fato, o treinamento aeróbio realizado concomitantemente ao treinamento resistido de moderada-baixa intensidade pode ajudar a prevenir os efeitos de "endurecimento" vascular (stiffening) causados pelo treinamento resistido em remadores (Cook et al, 2006 (Barauna et al, 2005; ou mesmo em ratas ooforectomizadas Prestes et al, 2012;De Deus et al, 2012) foi administrada (Benzetacil, 40 000 U/Kg) (Latour et al, 2001;Irigoyen et al, 2005;. Os animais foram avaliados 9 semanas após a ooforectomia em função de trabalhos prévios de nosso grupo terem demonstrado que este tempo induz alterações que podem ser atenuadas pelo treinamento físico aeróbico dinâmico em ratas normais e diabéticas (Irigoyen et al, 2005; (Figura 2).…”