Metabolic and hormonal responses to lipid and carbohydrate diets during exercise in man

Satabin, P.; Portero, Pierre; Defer, Gilles; Bricout, J.; Guezennec, C. Y.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198706000-00006

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Rates of CHO and fat oxidation during exercise as well as muscle glycogen breakdown were unaffected by MCT ingestion. [123] Satabin et al [124] fed participants 45g of MCT or LCT an hour before exercise and found that, compared with fasting, there were no changes in substrate utilisation nor exercise time to exhaustion at a workload eliciting 60% of V . O 2max .…”

Section: Medium Chain Triglyceride (Tg) Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Hawley

Brouns²,

Jeukendrup³

1998

Sports Medicine

101

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Section: Medium Chain Triglyceride (Tg) Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satabin et al [124] investigated the effects LCT versus MCT ingestion in 9 healthy individuals who consumed isocaloric (400 kCal) amounts of these test solutions 1 hour before an exhaustive exercise bout at 60% of V . O 2max .…”

Section: Long Chain Tg Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Hawley

Brouns²,

Jeukendrup³

1998

Sports Medicine

101

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“…O thers have also reported that replacing ingested carbohydrate with 25 g of m edium -chain triacylglycerols did not decrease carbohydrate oxidation signi® cantly during subsequent cycling for 1 and 2 h at 60 and 65% Ç VO 2 peak, respectively (Decom baz et al, 1983;M assicotte et al, 1992). However, Satabin et al (1987) showed that ingesting a relatively greater (~45 g) quantity of medium -chain triacylglycerols and an isocaloric am ount of long-chain triacylglycerols slowed the rates of carbohydrate oxidation after 90 m in of cycling at 60% Ç VO 2 peak. D espite sim ilarities between plasm a FFA availability in the M C T and LC T trials, and in overall fat oxidation, only 9% of the ingested longchain triacylglycerols (by energy) was oxidized versus 45% of ingested m edium -chain triac ylglycerols.…”

Section: Ietary Fat Ingestion: Availability Of Longchain and Mediummentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutritional strategies for promoting fat utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise

Lambert¹,

Hawley²,

Goedecke³

et al. 1997

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Carbohydrate ingestion before and during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue (reduced power output). Therefore, endurance athletes are recommended to ingest diets high in carbohydrate (70% of total energy) during competition and training. However, increasing the availability of plasma free fatty acids has been shown to slow the rate of muscle and liver glycogen depletion by promoting the utilization of fat. Ingested fat, in the form of long-chain (C16-22) triacylglycerols, is largely unavailable during acute exercise, but medium-chain (C8-10) triacylglycerols are rapidly absorbed and oxidized. We have shown that the ingestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols in combination with carbohydrate spares muscle carbohydrate stores during 2 h of submaximal (< 70% VO2 peak) cycling exercise, and improves 40 km time-trial performance. These data suggest that by combining carbohydrate and medium-chain triacylglycerols as a pre-exercise supplement and as a nutritional supplement during exercise, fat oxidation will be enhanced, and endogenous carbohydrate will be spared. We have also examined the chronic metabolic adaptations and effects on substrate utilization and endurance performance when athletes ingest a diet that is high in fat (> 70% by energy). Dietary fat adaptation for a period of at least 2-4 weeks has resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in resistance to fatigue during prolonged, low- to moderate-intensity cycling (< 70% VO2 peak). Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that mean cycling 20 km time-trial performance following prolonged submaximal exercise is enhanced by 80 s after dietary fat adaptation and 3 days of carbohydrate loading. Thus the relative contribution of fuel substrate to prolonged endurance activity may be modified by training, pre-exercise feeding, habitual diet, or by artificially altering the hormonal milieu or the availability of circulating fuels. The time course and dose-response of these effects on maximizing the oxidative contribution of fat for exercise metabolism and in exercise performance have not been systematically studied during moderate- to high-intensity exercise in humans.

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“…La seconde raison est que les glucides exogènes, notamment le glucose et ses polymères, ont des effets ergogènes au cours de l'exercice prolongé . Burelle et al, 2006Burelle et al, , 1997Decombaz et al, 1985;Guezennec et al, 1989;Jandrain et al, 1993;Massicotte et al, 1994Massicotte et al, , 1986Massicotte et al, , 1989Massicotte et al, , 1990Slama et al, 1989), galactose (Burelle et al, 2006;Leijssen et al, 1995), saccharose Leese et al, 1996;Massicotte et al, 1996a), maltose (Hawley et al, 1992b), polymères de glucose (Guezennec et al, 1993(Guezennec et al, , 1989Jarvis et al, 1992;Johannsen et Sharp, 2007;Leese et al, 1996;Massicotte et al, 1989;Rehrer et al, 1992), triacylglycérols à chaîne moyenne (MCT) Satabin et al, 1987), ou à longue chaîne (LCT) (Satabin et al, 1987)], ou de mélanges de substrats exogènes [glucose + fructose Hulston et al, 2009;Jentjens et al, 2004b;Jeukendrup et al, 2006;Massicotte et al, 1996a;Riddell et al, 2001), glucose + saccharose (Jentjens et al, 2004c, glucose + fructose + saccharose (Jentjens et al, 2004a(Jentjens et al, , 2006, glucose + maltose (Jentjens et al, 2004c), glucose + lactate (Péronnet et al, 1997), glucose + MCT (Goedecke et al, 1999b;...…”

Section: Vue D'ensemble Des éTudesunclassified

“…Ceci tient principalement à deux raisons. La première est que les méthodes de traçage nécessaires pour décrire l'oxydation des substrats exogènes sont beaucoup moins invasives (voire non-invasives) que celles qui sont nécessaires pour décrire de façon dé-taillée la sélection des substrats endogènes : glycogène musculaire (Decombaz et al, 1985;Timmons et al, 2007b) et glucose du plasma (Bosch et al, , 1996b Hawley et al, 1994a,b) ; glucose circulant provenant du glycogène hépatique (Bosch et al, , 1996bHawley et al, 1994a;Jeukendrup et al, 1999b; Burelle et al, 2006Burelle et al, , 1997Decombaz et al, 1985;Guezennec et al, 1989;Jandrain et al, 1993;Massicotte et al, 1994Massicotte et al, , 1986Massicotte et al, , 1989Massicotte et al, , 1990Slama et al, 1989), galactose (Burelle et al, 2006;Leijssen et al, 1995), saccharose Leese et al, 1996;Massicotte et al, 1996a), maltose (Hawley et al, 1992b), polymères de glucose (Guezennec et al, 1993(Guezennec et al, , 1989Jarvis et al, 1992;Johannsen et Sharp, 2007;Leese et al, 1996;Massicotte et al, 1989;Rehrer et al, 1992), triacylglycérols à chaîne moyenne (MCT) Satabin et al, 1987), ou à longue trials with glucose ingestion (expts I and II), according to the procedure of Mosora et al (20), using Eq. 7 and taking the observed R value of expired COZ: 1) at rest or 2) during exercise with water ingestion as reference.…”

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Sélection des substrats lors de l’exercice prolongé avec ingestion de glucides : études par traçage au ¹³C

Tremblay¹

2011

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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cides et davantage de lipides que les hommes. Les effets séparés d'une alimentation riche v en glucides ou de l'ingestion de glucose pendant l'exercice sur la sélection des substrats furent pourtant similaires chez les deux sexes. L'effet combiné des deux procédures de supplémentation est toutefois plus important chez la femme que chez l'homme, soutenant l'hypothèse qu'un léger déficit en glucides soit présent chez les femmes.Dans la troisième étude, l'oxydation des substrats et particulièrement celle d'amidon exogène au cours d'une marche prolongée à une faible puissance de travail a été décrite.Les individus qui pratiquent des activités physiques prolongées à des intensités faibles (< 40 %VO 2 max) sont encouragés à ingérer des glucides et de l'eau pendant l'effort, mais la contribution de leur oxydation à la fourniture d'énergie est relativement peu connue.Nous avons montré que, contrairement aux observations précédemment effectuées à jeun sans ingestion de glucides pendant l'effort, les glucides (incluant de source exogène) peuvent fournir une très grande partie de l'énergie lorsqu'ils sont ingérés à des intervalles réguliers au cours de l'exercice prolongé.Dans l'ensemble, les résultats des études expérimentales présentées dans cette thèse montrent que les glucides ingérés peuvent fournir une grande proportion de l'énergie pendant l'exercice prolongé. Toutefois, le mode d'exercice, le sexe et la puissance de travail mènent à des variations qui sont en grande partie liées à une dépense énergé-tique variable selon les conditions et les groupes d'individus ayant des caractéristiques différentes.Mots clés: calorimétrie indirecte respiratoire, sexe, mode d'exercice, marche. ABSTRACTThe main substrates oxidized during prolonged exercise, whether carbohydrates, fats or proteins, do not contribute equally to the energy supply. In addition, glucose can originate from different endogenous (muscle, liver) and exogenous sources. Many factors can affect their respective contribution including: active muscle mass, training, sex, nutritional state and environmental conditions. The use of stable isotopes, such as carbon 13 ( 13 C), combined with indirect respiratory calorimetry corrected for urea excretion in urine and sweat, allows the differentiation of endogenous and exogenous substrates and the estimation of their contribution to the energy yield.These methods, allowing the measurement of fuel selection during prolonged exercise with glucose ingestion, enabled the comparisons found in the three experimental studies part of this thesis. In the first study, fuel selection was compared during prolonged upper-and lower-body exercise with or without glucose ingestion. The difference in fuel selection between upper-and lower-body exercise when water was ingested was modest with a slightly higher reliance on carbohydrate oxidation during upper-body exercise. The amount of exogenous glucose oxidized was lower but its contribution to the energy yield was higher during upper-body exercise due to the lower energy expenditure.In t...

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Metabolic and hormonal responses to lipid and carbohydrate diets during exercise in man

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Nutritional strategies for promoting fat utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise

Sélection des substrats lors de l’exercice prolongé avec ingestion de glucides : études par traçage au ¹³C

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Metabolic and hormonal responses to lipid and carbohydrate diets during exercise in man

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

Nutritional strategies for promoting fat utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise

Sélection des substrats lors de l’exercice prolongé avec ingestion de glucides : études par traçage au 13C

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Sélection des substrats lors de l’exercice prolongé avec ingestion de glucides : études par traçage au ¹³C