Metabolic characteristics of proteins and biomolecular spectroscopic profiles in different batches of feedstock (wheat) and their co-products (wheat distillers dried grains with solubles) from the same bioethanol processing plant

Abstract

The objectives of this study were (1) to reveal the metabolic characteristics of proteins in different batches of feedstock (wheat) for bioethanol production and their co-products (wheat distillers dried grains with solubles, wDDGS) from the same bioethanol processing plant, and (2) to characterize biomolecular spectral profile associated with nutrient digestion in the rumen and intestine of dairy cattle. The metabolic characteristics of proteins were determined using the DVE/OEB system (where DVE=total truly absorbed protein supply, and OEB=degraded balance of protein) based on chemical profiles and rumen and intestinal digestion data from dairy cattle. The biomolecular spectral characteristics were investigated by using the molecular spectroscopy technique attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). Multivariate molecular spectral analyses-agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHCA), and principal component analysis (PCA)-were conducted to identify the spectral differences in biomolecular inherent structure among the wheat and wDDGS batches. The results showed that (1) the metabolic characteristics of proteins in the wheat and wDDGS from the same bioethanol processing plant were significantly affected by batch, with total truly absorbed protein supply (DVE value) ranging from 101 to 116 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in wheat and from 153 to 182 g/kg of DM in wDDGS; (2) the degraded balance of protein (OEB value) in the wDDGS (but not the wheat) from the same bioethanol processing plant was significantly affected by batch, with the OEB value ranging from -19 to -26 g/kg of DM in the wheat and from 145 to 181 g/kg of DM in the wDDGS; and (3) the biomolecular spectral analyses with AHCA and PCA revealed biomolecular spectral profiles and differences among the wheat and wDDGS samples.

Protein Structures among Bio-Ethanol Co-Products and Its Relationships with Ruminal and Intestinal Availability of Protein in Dairy Cattle

“…A similar trend was seen for the fingerprint region of three batches of WDDGS [16]. The inherent amide I and II protein structures differed among the batches of BDDGS1 and BDDGS2 as they were grouped into two separate ellipses with no overlapping (Figure 3c,d).…”

“…Therefore, batch 1 and 3 were almost completely separated while there was a larger overlap of batch 2 with both batch 1 and 3. Gamage et al [16] performed CLA on the fingerprint region (1800–800 cm −1 ) of three batches of WDDGS and they could separate two batches from each other with the third batch having overlap with both other batches.…”

The Use of Gene Modification and Advanced Molecular Structure Analyses towards Improving Alfalfa Forage

“…By using this technique, Yu et al [82] successfully obtained the nutritional information of barley in terms of spectral and chemical characteristics and biological components distribution. Other feedstuffs like oat [98], corn [99], wheat [100], and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) [101] were also analyzed using SR-IMS at the National Synchrotron Light Source in Brookhaven National Laboratory (NSLS-BNL), Advanced Light Source in Berkeley National Laboratory (ALS-BNL) and/or Canada. Light Source (CLS) synchrotron Centers.…”

Using vibrational infrared biomolecular spectroscopy to detect heat-induced changes of molecular structure in relation to nutrient availability of prairie whole oat grains on a molecular basis

“…On the other hand, a problem remains, the rapidly and extensively degradation of their starch and protein in the rumen. This may cause serious digestive disorders and nutritional imbalance, which may also result in nitrogen loss and inefficient use of dietary energy [1–5]. To improve the utilization of cereal grains and the availability of their nutrients, heat treatments have been used [1, 6–10].…”