Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together?

Moreau, Manon; Benhaddou, Soukaina; Dard, Rodolphe; Tolu, Stefania; Hamzé, Rim; Vialard, François; Movassat, Jamileh; Janel, Nathalie

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9020221

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Trisomy 21 is also associated with defective neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis [9,10], plus T system immune-deficiencies [11] and premature immune system senescence [12]. These conditions predispose DS subjects to chronic proinflammatory status and increase in oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction which, concomitant to metabolic diseases such as diabetes [13], are also responsible for higher susceptibility to oral and extra-oral infection, than in euploid and immunocompetent subjects.…”

Section: Introduction 1down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Contaldo

Lucchese

Romano

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study design was a systematic review. Study quality was assessed with risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Of the 954 references retrieved, 26 studies were considered. The conclusions from the qualitative assessment of the papers revealed an increasing knowledge over the last years of the microbiota associated with DS and their periodontal diseases, in comparison with healthy subjects and subjects with other kinds of mental disabilities. Few data have emerged on the mycobiome and virobiome of DS, hence, further investigations are still necessary.

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Section: Introduction 1down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Contaldo

Lucchese

Romano

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Similar to the population of healthy people, obese patients were expected to have a higher content of lean body mass than normal-weight children. The world of science draws attention to problems that may interfere with the proper quality/quantity of muscle mass in children with DS highlighting mainly a lack of physical activity [16,17]. Pitchford et al showed that obesity in children with DS negatively correlated with their daily physical activity [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscle mass may also be affected by insulin resistance and inflammation associated with adiposity [19]. Abdominal obesity leads to increased circulating fatty acids, associated inflammation, and ectopic triglyceride storage (in muscle and organs) [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Children with Down Syndrome in the Context of Lipid and Oxidative Stress Parameters

et al. 2022

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Introduction: The risk of obesity in children with Down syndrome is high. Undoubtedly, proper nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of excess body weight and is associated with a reduction of metabolic complications. The aim of the study was to assess the problem of disturbances in the nutritional status and eating habits of children with DS. Methods: A total of 39 patients were included in the study. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric tests and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Eating habits were assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Blood samples were taken to determine the oxidative stress and lipid parameters. Results: Obesity was recognized in 15% of subjects and 23% were overweight. Children that were overweight were characterized by higher levels of triglycerides, atherogenic index of plasma, and apoA2 and apoE levels. Fat mass, fat mass/height2 index, and visceral fat mass correlated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and advanced oxidative protein product level. The analysis of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire showed that children struggling with being overweight were more interested in food compared to those with normal body weight. A positive correlation was identified between waist circumference and food interest categories. Insufficient consumption of dairy products, vegetables, whole grain products, as well as fruits, seeds, nuts, and fatty fish was noted. Patients were less likely to consume products that are a good source of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusions: In children with Down syndrome and obesity, disturbances in lipid and oxidative stress parameters are observed. Abnormal eating habits in all children with Down syndrome regardless of their nutritional status were noted. Proper nutritional education, nutritional control, and management of metabolic problems are essential in this group of patients.

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“…This adult population suffers from complications in addition to those already presented in the pediatric period (facial changes, malformed limbs, affected skin and muscles, atrioventricular abnormalities, and higher incidence of leukemia, among others) 3 . As these individuals age, they may present more immunological and metabolic disorders, with obesity and dyslipidemia being prevalent, 4 as well as early senile dementia and neurodegenerative processes 5 . In addition to systemic complications, patients with DS present with oral complications and diseases, such as periodontal disease 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As these individuals age, they may present more immunological and metabolic disorders, with obesity and dyslipidemia being prevalent, 4 as well as early senile dementia and neurodegenerative processes. 5 In addition to systemic complications, patients with DS present with oral complications and diseases, such as periodontal disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying metabolic parameters related to severity and extent of periodontitis in down syndrome patients

Mouchrek

Franco

Silva

et al. 2022

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and Objective Systemic metabolic status and periodontitis can be related in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The objective of this study was to identify metabolic indicators (anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and serum markers) related to severity and extent of periodontitis in DS patients. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 49 patients with DS. Periodontal evaluation included the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and visible plaque index (VPI). Periodontitis severity was classified by the stages system. The extent of periodontitis was assessed as the percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm, CAL ≥4 mm, PPD ≥4 mm, and PPD ≥5 mm. The metabolic condition of the participants was determined by analyzing anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and serum markers. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. Results Periodontitis stage 3/4 was detected in 32.7% of patients, with high values of VPI (54.6 ± 35.8) and GBI (42.4 ± 33.3). The severity of periodontitis was related to higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (β = .291, p = .028) and mean corpuscular volume values (β = .293, p = .046). Arm circumference measurements were inversely related to CAL ≥3 mm (β = −.408, p = .023), PPD ≥4 mm (β = −.475, p = .006), and PPD ≥5 mm (β = −.443, p = .010). Conclusions The findings suggest that the severity and extent of periodontitis may be related to some metabolic parameters in DS patients.

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Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together?

Cited by 33 publications

References 166 publications

Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Analysis of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Children with Down Syndrome in the Context of Lipid and Oxidative Stress Parameters

Identifying metabolic parameters related to severity and extent of periodontitis in down syndrome patients

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