Metabolic Disorders and Oxidative Stress Programming in Offspring of Rats Fed a High-fat Diet During Lactation: Effects of a Vinifera Grape Skin (ACH09) Extract

Abstract

This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin ACH09 extract (ACH09) on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in adult offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet (HF) during lactation. Four groups of female rats were fed: control diet (7% fat); ACH09 (7% fat + 200 mg·kg·d ACH09 orally); HF (24% fat); HF+ ACH09 (24% fat + 200 mg·kg·d ACH09 orally) during lactation. From weaning onward, all female offspring were fed a control diet and killed when they were 90 or 180 days old. Systolic blood pressure was increased in adult offspring of HF-fed dams, and ACH09 prevented hypertension. Increased adiposity, plasma triglyceride, glucose levels, and insulin resistance were observed in offspring from both ages, and these changes were reversed by ACH09. The plasma oxidative damage assessed by malondialdehyde levels was increased, and nitrite levels decreased in the HF group of both ages, which were reversed by ACH09. In addition, ACH09 restored the decreased plasma and mesenteric artery antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the HF group. In conclusion, ACH09 protected normally fed offspring of HF-fed dams during lactation from phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of metabolic syndrome providing an alternative nutritional resource for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Grape seed procyanidins administered at physiological doses to rats during pregnancy and lactation promote lipid oxidation and up-regulate AMPK in the muscle of male offspring in adulthood

“…Different studies have shown that the administration of polyphenols to dams during prenatal and early postnatal periods can exert beneficial effects on body fat gain and different metabolic disorders, such us dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, on their offspring in later life [15][16][17]19]. However, in most of these studies, the metabolic programming effects of polyphenols have been observed after the administration of these compounds at high doses.…”

“…We recently demonstrated that these bioactive food compounds can reach the foetuses and placentas of pregnant rats [11]. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that polyphenols can exert metabolic programming effects on the offspring through maternal intake [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For example, genistein was effective in preventing body weight gain of the offspring when administered during pregnancy and lactation [12,14] but also exerted harmful effects related to anxiety, aggressive behaviours, spatial learning and reproductive development [13,14].…”

“…In another study, male and female offspring of obese rats that received quercitin at different doses (50,100 and 200 mg kg −1 of body weight/day) during pregnancy and lactation had lower body weights, improved insulin sensitivity and lower grades of inflammation than their counterparts, although most of these effects were observed at the high doses [19]. Concerning the use of extracts rich in polyphenols, the administration of a grape skin extract rich in anthocyanins at 200 mg kg −1 of body weight/day to rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) during lactation protected their male and female offspring against oxidative stress, hypertension, body fat gain, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance in adulthood [15,16]. Beneficial effects were also observed in the male offspring of protein-restricted gestational rats that received azuki bean polyphenols that were included in the diet at 1% during lactation.…”

Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome

“…There are also evidence that grape skin extracts could decrease glucose levels and insulin resistance in high fat‐fed rats (Emiliano et al, ). This extract (200 mg/kg/day orally) decreased the insulin resistance in diabetic mice independent of an increase in insulin release but dependent on an increase in insulin sensitivity, and it did not change glucose‐induced insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets (Soares de Moura et al, ).…”

“…Not only clinical trials but also animal studies confirm the beneficial effects of grape polyphenols for lowering blood pressure. Grape skin extract decreased high systolic blood pressure in offspring of rats fed a high‐fat diet during lactation (Emiliano et al, ).…”