Metabolic Disturbances in Tooth Formation

Kreshover, Seymour J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb49954.x

Cited by 108 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Linear enamel hypoplasia was scored on all teeth available (Massler et al, 1941;Sarnat & Schour, 1941;Kreshover, 1960). Position on the crown was measured only on the anterior teeth due to their higher susceptibility to stress (Goodman & Armelagos, 1985a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The necropolis of Vallerano (Rome, 2nd–3rd century AD): an anthropological perspective on the ancient Romans in the Suburbium

Cucina

Vargiu

Mancinelli

et al. 2005

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

106

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The present study investigates the skeletal remains of individuals who were part of a Roman suburban community, in order to assess lifestyle and living conditions in the town's outskirts during the Roman Imperial age. The existence of the community was linked to the functioning of one of the many villas that surrounded the town of Rome at that time. In order to assess health, several indicators were explored, including mortality, oral pathologies and specific (cribra orbitalia) and aspecific (linear enamel hypoplasia) indicators of nutritional and physiological impairment. The sample, which probably represents the labour force of the villa, shows a high number of individuals dying in the early adult age and very few living beyond 50. Subadults were frequently affected by pathological conditions which may indicate anaemia and/or inflammations and infections, as witnessed by the frequency of cribra orbitalia. Growth was also impaired, as the individuals suffered from systemic disturbances during the early years of life that led to the formation of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in their teeth. Frequency of LEH is very high, as well as its multiple occurrence through time (2.44 defects per individual) and its onset occurs from the earliest age classes. Diet, on the other hand, does not seem to have been particularly carbohydrate based. Oral pathologies are very low, which is consistent with meat consumption complementing a diet rich in low-calorific products of agriculture and seemingly low in refined carbohydrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The necropolis of Vallerano (Rome, 2nd–3rd century AD): an anthropological perspective on the ancient Romans in the Suburbium

Cucina

Vargiu

Mancinelli

et al. 2005

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

106

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show abstract

“…However, careful analysis of the human skeleton and dentition reveal events that represent exposure to early life adversity where individuals survived through the reallocation of energetic resources along the HPA axis. Cortisol dysregulates insulin‐like growth factor and calcium absorption as well as disrupts the sodium/potassium balance within ameloblasts and may be implicated in disturbances to the secretory stage of enamel formation . In addition, cortisol dysregulates skeletal growth by suppressing growth hormone pulsations and expression in the growth plate as well as osteoblast differentiation in the periosteal mesenchyme .…”

Section: Bioarchaeological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 However, cortisol also acts as a growth and immunological suppressant suggesting phenotypic consequences for short-term investment in survival at later stages of development. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] These consequences suggest that the activation of the HPA axis in response to early life stress presents a near-term benefit through survival but long-term consequences for growth, maintenance, and survivorship. Overall, this model invokes the concept of adaptive plasticity and physiological constraint modulated by the HPA axis as an evolved mechanism for investment in short term survival with long-term consequences for individual life histories.…”

Section: One Example Of the Appropriation Of Evolutionary Insight Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeological evidence for adaptive plasticity and constraint: Exploring life‐history trade‐offs in the human past

Temple

2018

Evolutionary Anthropology

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The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease paradigm evaluates the consequences of early life stress on health at later stages of life. Interacting with this paradigm represents a profound opportunity to leverage the lifespan and contextual approaches to human skeletal remains adopted by bioarchaeological research. Teeth and bone provide evidence for stressors experienced early in life. These events represent evidence for adaptive plasticity as Individuals survive the events through reallocation of energy to essential physiological functions, which inhibits enamel and skeletal growth. Age‐at‐death, adult body size, chronic infection, or childhood mortality may be used as covariates to better understand the physiological constraints operating on individual bodies following survival of early life stress. Contextual evidence from cemeteries provides clues to the ecological and cultural contingencies that exacerbate or mitigate the expression of these trade‐offs. Future studies should incorporate newly derived methods that provide reproducible and precise ways to evaluate early life stress, while incorporating populations that are often neglected.

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“…Severity of enamel defects macroscopically ranges from an opacity (hypomineralization) to a broad circumferential enamel-free band on the crown. Stressors capable of interrupting amelogenesis include febrile diseases (bacterial or viral), vitamin deficiencies, induced diabetes, acute malnutrition, parasitic infections, and other growth disturbances (Sarnat and Schour, 1941;Kreshover, 1944Kreshover, , 1960Kreshover et al, 1954;Suckling et al, 1983Suckling et al, , 1986Goodman and Rose, 1990). The response, regardless of the kind of stressor, is the same: there appears to be no way to identify the kind of stress (Selye, 1973a(Selye, , 1973b(Selye, , 1976) from analysis of the enamel defect because the physiological nature of the response is generic.…”

Section: What To Measure and Improving Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Development and Anomalies in Craniosynostoses and Facial Clefting

Harris

2002

Understanding Craniofacial Anomalies

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Metabolic Disturbances in Tooth Formation

Cited by 108 publications

References 16 publications

The necropolis of Vallerano (Rome, 2nd–3rd century AD): an anthropological perspective on the ancient Romans in the Suburbium

The necropolis of Vallerano (Rome, 2nd–3rd century AD): an anthropological perspective on the ancient Romans in the Suburbium

Bioarchaeological evidence for adaptive plasticity and constraint: Exploring life‐history trade‐offs in the human past

Dental Development and Anomalies in Craniosynostoses and Facial Clefting

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