Metabolic-Dysregulation-Based iEESI-MS Reveals Potential Biomarkers Associated with Early-Stage and Progressive Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

The application of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods can improve colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates dramatically. Here, we used a non-targeted metabolic analysis strategy based on internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) to detect metabolite ions associated with the progression of CRC from 172 tissues (45 stage I/II CRC, 41 stage III/IV CRC, and 86 well-matched normal tissues). A support vector machine (SVM) model based on 10 differential metabolite ions for differentiating early-stage CRC from normal tissues was built with a good prediction accuracy of 92.6%. The biomarker panel consisting of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:0) has good diagnostic potential in differentiating early-stage CRC from advanced-stage CRC. We showed that the down-regulation of LPC (18:0) in tumor tissues is associated with CRC progression and related to the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways in CRC are related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and purine metabolism. In conclusion, we built an SVM model with good performance to distinguish between early-stage CRC and normal groups based on iEESI-MS and found that LPC (18:0) is associated with the progression of CRC.

Liver Metabolic Dysregulation Induced by Polypropylene Nano- and Microplastics in Nile Tilapia Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…The abundant metabolite species were extracted by CH 3 OH/H 2 O (80:20, v/v) and CH 3 OH/H 2 O (70:30, v/v), while the highest lipid abundance and density were observed when using CH 3 OH/H 2 O (80:20, v/v). Previous research has shown that lipids are closely related to the organisms’ physiopathology . As a result, CH 3 OH/H 2 O (80:20, v/v) was selected as the extraction solvent in this study.…”

“…Here, iEESI-MS, a new mass spectrometry method , that can be used for the direct and rapid determination of real samples, was introduced. The iEESI-MS analytical technique offers numerous advantages over traditional mass spectrometry, such as simplicity for use, fast analysis speed, great selectivity, low detection limits, high throughput, no sample preparation, and the capability to avoid the loss of bioactive molecules. , The analytical speed has become more significant when dealing with a huge number of samples. The iEESI-MS approach detects a sample in roughly 1 min and 40 s, whereas the traditional MS method usually requires at least 30 min.…”

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2022: An annual review

“…Although this proof‐of‐concept study sampled from cell cultures, the compounds detected could be beneficial biomarkers in the development of breath‐based cancer diagnostics. Numerous other AIMS techniques have been utilized in the study of cancerous cells and tissues, including CBS for the study of brain tumours, 61 PS‐MS to analyze urine samples from prostate cancer patients, 62 and internal extractive ESI (iEESI) for colorectal cancer tissue analysis 63 . Although cancer research accounts for the majority of AIMS‐based diagnostics development, there has been a focus on other diseases and conditions.…”

Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analytical evaluation and synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical chemicals

“…Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EESI-MS) enables direct analysis of a wide variety of complex matrices without any sample pretreatment. Due to its extremely high tolerance of dirty matrix, EESI-MS has been widely used in the safety evaluation of medicine (Chen et al, 2010;Zeng et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2022), food analysis (Deng et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2021b), life science (Hu et al, 2011;Ning et al, 2013;Ke et al, 2019), environmental science (Liu et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2020), chemical industry (Zhu et al, 2008;Li X. et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2018) and other fields. In addition, based on EESI-MS, Neutral-Desorption Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ND-EESI-MS) (Wu et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2021) and Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (iEESI-MS) (Lu et al, 2021a;Zheng et al, 2022) were further developed.…”

“…Due to its extremely high tolerance of dirty matrix, EESI-MS has been widely used in the safety evaluation of medicine (Chen et al, 2010;Zeng et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2022), food analysis (Deng et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2021b), life science (Hu et al, 2011;Ning et al, 2013;Ke et al, 2019), environmental science (Liu et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2020), chemical industry (Zhu et al, 2008;Li X. et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2018) and other fields. In addition, based on EESI-MS, Neutral-Desorption Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ND-EESI-MS) (Wu et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2021) and Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (iEESI-MS) (Lu et al, 2021a;Zheng et al, 2022) were further developed. Herein, we provide an overview of the typical effects of operation conditions on the analytical performance of EESI-MS for various pharmaceutical compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, and herbal medicine materials.…”