Metabolic Effects of Protease Inhibitor-Sparing Antiretroviral Regimens Given as Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5095)

Abstract

Similar mild increases in glucose and decreases in insulin sensitivity were observed in all regimens, whereas lipids were modestly higher in the EFV-containing arms. Compared with general population norms, the metabolic dysfunctions of concern after these PI-sparing therapies were increasingly abnormal TC and lower (but improved relative to baseline) HDL-C levels.

Dietary Intervention Prevents Dyslipidemia Associated With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Individuals

“…It is important to notice that some drugs are more likely to produce lipid changes, mainly stavudine (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor), efavirenz (NNRTI), and PIs (with the possible exception of atazanavir, which is the PI less associated to dyslipidemia) (35,36). Nevertheless, as shown in Table 2, the groups were comparable regarding HAART regimen.…”

Polymorphisms inFasGene Is Associated with HIV-Related Lipoatrophy in Thai Patients

“…[18][19][20] PIs were suggested to be involved in lipohypertrophy; however, visceral fat accumulation also occurs in the absence of PIs. 21,22 A compartment-specific effect of mitochondrial toxicity within the adipose tissue may be related to lipohypertrophy 23 as well as dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and altered expression of adipokines. [24][25][26] However, LA and lipohypertrophy do not occur in all treated patients, and there is a very large degree of interindividual variability in the timing of emergence and severity of symptoms.…”

Evaluation of IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 taking antiretroviral drugs

“…On the other hand, the adverse effects of these drugs have been well established in the world literature, with emphasis on maternal peripheral insulin resistance and Diabetes mellitus (DM) [4,8]. Antiretroviral regimens containing protease inhibitors may lead to glucose intolerance by means of two mechanisms: peripheral induction of insulin resistance and inability of pancreatic b cells to compensate for peripheral resistance by increasing insulin production, i.e., signs and symptoms similar to those of DM type 2 [9].…”