Metabolic Engineered Biocatalyst: A Solution for PLA Based Problems

Riaz, Sundus; Fatima, Nosheen; Rasheed, Ahmed; Riaz, M.; Anwar, Faiza; Khatoon, Yamna

doi:10.1155/2018/1963024

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Enzymatic polymerization of LA monomers has emerged as one of the most viable and environmentally benign alternative methods for PLA production ( Riaz et al, 2018 ). In the year 2008, Taguchi et al (2008) established for the first time a whole-cell biosynthetic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Production of Biodegradable Lactate-Based Polymers and Oligomeric Building Blocks From Renewable and Waste Resources

Nduko

Taguchi

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring biopolymers produced by microorganisms. PHAs have become attractive research biomaterials in the past few decades owing to their extensive potential industrial applications, especially as sustainable alternatives to the fossil fuel feedstock-derived products such as plastics. Among the biopolymers are the bioplastics and oligomers produced from the fermentation of renewable plant biomass. Bioplastics are intracellularly accumulated by microorganisms as carbon and energy reserves. The bioplastics, however, can also be produced through a biochemistry process that combines fermentative secretory production of monomers and/or oligomers and chemical synthesis to generate a repertoire of biopolymers. PHAs are particularly biodegradable and biocompatible, making them a part of today’s commercial polymer industry. Their physicochemical properties that are similar to those of petrochemical-based plastics render them potential renewable plastic replacements. The design of efficient tractable processes using renewable biomass holds key to enhance their usage and adoption. In 2008, a lactate-polymerizing enzyme was developed to create new category of polyester, lactic acid (LA)–based polymer and related polymers. This review aims to introduce different strategies including metabolic and enzyme engineering to produce LA-based biopolymers and related oligomers that can act as precursors for catalytic synthesis of polylactic acid. As the cost of PHA production is prohibitive, the review emphasizes attempts to use the inexpensive plant biomass as substrates for LA-based polymer and oligomer production. Future prospects and challenges in LA-based polymer and oligomer production are also highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Production of Biodegradable Lactate-Based Polymers and Oligomeric Building Blocks From Renewable and Waste Resources

Nduko

Taguchi

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid, later converted into lactate hydrolysed by lactate dehydrogenase. Then, it is converted to lactyl CoA by propionate CoA transferase and eventually polymerised by the PHA synthase to produce PLA ( Figure 14 ) [ 303 ]. The work also interestingly observed the production of PHB-LA copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -lactic acid) by a similar E. coli mutant strain, by adding 3-hydroxybutyric acid as a co-feeding material [ 304 ].…”

Section: The History Contemporary Status and Future Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Applications of Bacteria-Derived Polymers

et al. 2021

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Plastics have found widespread use in the fields of cosmetic, engineering, and medical sciences due to their wide-ranging mechanical and physical properties, as well as suitability in biomedical applications. However, in the light of the environmental cost of further upscaling current methods of synthesizing many plastics, work has recently focused on the manufacture of these polymers using biological methods (often bacterial fermentation), which brings with them the advantages of both low temperature synthesis and a reduced reliance on potentially toxic and non-eco-friendly compounds. This can be seen as a boon in the biomaterials industry, where there is a need for highly bespoke, biocompatible, processable polymers with unique biological properties, for the regeneration and replacement of a large number of tissue types, following disease. However, barriers still remain to the mass-production of some of these polymers, necessitating new research. This review attempts a critical analysis of the contemporary literature concerning the use of a number of bacteria-derived polymers in the context of biomedical applications, including the biosynthetic pathways and organisms involved, as well as the challenges surrounding their mass production. This review will also consider the unique properties of these bacteria-derived polymers, contributing to bioactivity, including antibacterial properties, oxygen permittivity, and properties pertaining to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, the review will select notable examples in literature to indicate future directions, should the aforementioned barriers be addressed, as well as improvements to current bacterial fermentation methods that could help to address these barriers.

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“…PLA is generally produced chemically from lactic acid, which can be chemically synthesised or made by microbial fermentation [105], the latter being a more pure product than chemical synthesis which produces a racemic mixture [106] More recently, organisms have been specifically engineered using synthetic biology to create an original metabolic pathway allowing for long chains of pure PLA to be produced [107]. This process has been further improved in E. coli by creating deletions using homologous recombination [108], introduction of propionate CoA transferase (PCT) from Clostridium propionicum [109] and the enzyme polyhydroxyalkanoates synthase [110].…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process has been further improved in E. coli by creating deletions using homologous recombination [108], introduction of propionate CoA transferase (PCT) from Clostridium propionicum [109] and the enzyme polyhydroxyalkanoates synthase [110]. This combination allows for the removal of the secondary synthesis step and allows for PLA to be produced entirely by E. coli [107].…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%