Metabolic Fate of Urokinase

Improved Immuno-PET Imaging of HER2-Positive Tumors in Mice: Urokinase Injection-Triggered Clearance Enhancement of 64Cu-Trastuzumab

“…The duration of urokinase activity in the blood is short after intravenous injection due to its rapid clearance and inactivation. , Briefly, 63 and 91% of human urokinase were reported to be eliminated from rat blood circulation by 7.5 min and 4 h after intravenous administration, respectively, in a pharmacokinetic analysis using an 131 I-labeled compound . The plasma urokinase activity also decreased to a negligible level by 8 min after intravenous administration to rats .…”

Effect of Cytochrome C on Carbon Tetrachloride Damage to the Liver

“…10-20% when administered through the digestive tract (28,29). A comparison, however, of the effect of cytochrome c when given i.m.…”

“…route. This is attributed not only to the high blood level of cytochrome c maintained over a period of a few hr (28,29) but to the fact that the substance, when administered through the digestive tract, passes through the portal vein directly into the organ where it exerts its effect. In addition, substances of low molecular weight resulting from digestion or metabolism in vivo may be involved.…”

Effects of Cytochrome C on the Liver Function of Aged Rats

“…Furthermore, the elevation of tissue <t tocopherol level with age (23) has been interpreted as representing a purpose-tilted consequence of the body homeostatic defense mechanism, to cope with aging-associated peroxidation of lipids in various tissues (24). Despite the fact that the absorption rate of cytochrome c administered into the intes tinal tract is merely 10--20',' (27,28) of the total dosage, the action was a little more potent in oral than in i.m. administration.…”

“…administration. It is thus presumed that cytochrome c administered into the intestinal tract reaches the liver directly, maintaining the blood concentration for several hours consecutively (27,28). It can also be considered that after administra tion, cytochrome c is pharmacologically influenced by low molecular substances digested or metabolized in vivo.…”