Metabolic Profiling of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Human Urine

Abstract

Skeletal muscle can be ultrastructurally damaged by eccentric exercise, and the damage causes metabolic disruption in muscle. This study aimed to determine changes in the metabolomic patterns in urine and metabolomic markers in muscle damage after eccentric exercise. Five men and 6 women aged 19~23 years performed 30 min of the bench step exercise at 70 steps per min at a determined step height of 110% of the lower leg length, and stepping frequency at 15 cycles per min. 1H NMR spectral analysis was performed in urine collected from all participants before and after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage conventionally determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Urinary metabolic profiles were built by multivariate analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) using SIMCA-P. From the OPLS-DA, men and women were separated 2 hr after the eccentric exercise and the separated patterns were maintained or clarified until 96 hr after the eccentric exercise. Subsequently, urinary metabolic profiles showed distinct trajectory patterns between men and women. Finally, we found increased urinary metabolites (men: alanine, asparagine, citrate, creatine phosphate, ethanol, formate, glucose, glycine, histidine, and lactate; women: adenine) after the eccentric exercise. These results could contribute to understanding metabolic responses following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in humans.

Enrichment of Short-Chain Ceramides and Free Fatty Acids in the Skin Epidermis, Liver, and Kidneys of db/db Mice, a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model

“…In addition, to explore the relationship between the skin and body lipidomes, we examined liver and kidney lipid profiles, the organs most affected by DM. We used principal component analysis (PCA), a metabolomics tool widely used to identify novel biomarkers (Joo et al ., 2016; Jang et al ., 2018), to identify global alterations in the lipid profile in DM and to find lipid markers characteristic of DM.…”

¹H NMR toxicometabolomics following cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats

“…Serum and urinary 1 H NMR spectra were transformed into meaningful data through multivariate analysis such as global or targeted profiling. Global profiling using multivariate analysis of endogenous metabolites is known to provide reliable information about biologic effects of toxicants (Kim et al, 2010a(Kim et al, , 2010bJang et al, 2018). In most mammals, only minimal amounts of amino acids are excreted in urine, and reabsorption of filtered amino acids is about 99% in the proximal tubule (Boudonck et al, 2009).…”

“…NMR spectroscopy has various advantages over MS-based analysis including (1) simultaneous detection of a great number of compounds in high throughput manner, (2) simple sample preparation, (3) the ability to directly correlate integrated intensities to concentrations, and (4) high intra-and inter-lab reproducibility of the results (Kim et al, 2010a(Kim et al, , 2010b. Of multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) are widely used (Jang et al, 2018). This analytical technique is better than traditional examinations such as biochemistry and histopathology (Jang et al, 2018).…”

“…Of multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) are widely used (Jang et al, 2018). This analytical technique is better than traditional examinations such as biochemistry and histopathology (Jang et al, 2018).…”

Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives

“…Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a transient event caused by unaccustomed exercise (Harty et al 2019) or strenuous high intensity or long duration exercise (Jang et al 2018;Leeder et al 2014). Moreover, EIMD can be evident after isometric contractions at a long muscle length, even at a low intensity (Chen et al 2012).…”