Metabolic programs tailor T cell immunity in viral infection, cancer, and aging

Extracellular acidosis restricts one-carbon metabolism and preserves T cell stemness

“…Beyond the distinct transcriptional programs, stem-like T cells also preferentially acquire unique metabolic attributes, including elevated FAO and restricted glycolytic metabolism 17 , 20 , 37 . To explore the metabolic features of long-term in vitro ↑[H + ]-exposed T cells, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and found significant differences in the expression of genes related to metabolic pathways, such as small-molecule metabolism and glycolysis (Fig.…”

“…Conversely, effectorassociated genes (GZMB, PRF1, IFNG and TBX21) demonstrate decreased repressive and increased activating epigenetic modifications at these loci in effector T cells 13,16 . Finally, accumulating lines of evidence suggest that metabolic circuits dictate T cell fate decisions and shape their epigenetic and functional states 17 . Shortlived effector T cells are highly glycolytic and depend ent on onecarbon metabolism 18,19 , whereas stemlike memory T cells display distinct metabolic profiles characterized by increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (SRC), the cardinal characteristics involved in longterm persistence [20][21][22] .…”

Advances in the therapeutic application and pharmacological properties of kinsenoside against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced disorders

“…Binding KD with targeting peptides and encapsulating it into targeting exosomes or nanoparticles are promising engineering strategies for enhancing the therapeutic accuracy, reducing application dosage and ameliorating off-target effect. It has been found that metabolism reprogramming is intimately implicated in regulation of immune reactions, elucidating that KD-induced alterations on metabolite profiles and their interactions with inflammation pathways are rewarding for unraveling the novel molecular mechanisms responsible for anti-inflammatory effects of KD ( Møller et al, 2022 ). There is evidence that inflammatory responses exert bidirectional roles in different stages of several diseases, particularly tissue injury.…”

Functional assessment of the cell-autonomous role of NADase CD38 in regulating CD8+ T cell exhaustion

“…However, multiple factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as persistent antigen stimulation, hypoxia, and nutrient limitations (low glucose etc.) result in the functional exhaustion of tumor antigen-specific CD8 + T cells, which is the major barrier for mounting an effective antitumor immune response ( Cheng et al., 2021 ; Duan et al., 2020 ; Moller et al., 2022 ). Generally, exhausted CD8 + T cells in the TME are classified into two distinct subsets: Ly108 + TCF-1 + memory-like progenitors (T PRO ) and Ly108 − TIM-3 + or PD-1 + TIM-3 + terminally exhausted cells (T EXH ) ( Chen et al., 2019 ; McLane et al., 2019 ).…”