Metabolic Response of Visceral White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice Exposed for 5 Days to Human Room Temperature Compared to Mouse Thermoneutrality

Stelt, Inge van der; Hoevenaars, Femke P M; Široká, Jitka; Ronde, Lidwien de; Friedecký, David; Keijer, Jaap; Schothorst, Evert M. van

doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00179

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Previous studies have also shown that thermoneutrality increases BAT mass in obesity‐resistant strain A/J male mice fed a HF diet (60% kcal fat) giving rise to a pale color, indicating that increased environmental temperature triggers BAT whitening . In line with these studies, several studies have reported increased adiposity in HF‐fed mice at thermoneutral conditions, while others did not . In respect to human studies, combination of HF diet with high indoor temperature, often used in developed countries, especially in winter, may be important factors that contribute to obesity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1

Pahlavani

Ramalingam

Miller

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and has been proposed as an anti-obesity target. It was reported previously that a high-fat (HF) diet enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly increased UCP1 and other thermogenic markers in BAT. It is hypothesized that these effects are mediated through UCP1-dependent regulation. Methods and results: Wild-type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) B6 male mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed a HF diet, without or with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil. HF-fed KO mice were heavier and had higher BAT lipid content than other groups. Protective effects of EPA in WT, previously observed at 22°C (reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and increased UCP1), disappeared at thermoneutrality. Mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX I

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1

Pahlavani

Ramalingam

Miller

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…We have previously published 24 h metabolism profiles for mice using low resolution respirometry in their home cages with bedding, drink, and food, at both 22 °C and 29 °C [19]. Using the lowest average over 3 consecutive readings to represent RMR (equivalent to 24 min), these data showed that at 29 °C, the ratio for DEE 29 /RMR 29 was 1.38, while at 22 °C, the ratio DEE 22 /RMR 29 was 2.10, similar to the ratios derived here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the best housing temperature to translate mouse experiments to humans?

Keijer

Speakman

2019

Molecular Metabolism

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Objectives Ambient temperature impinges on energy metabolism in a body size dependent manner. This has implications for the housing temperature at which mice are best compared to humans. In 2013, we suggested that, for comparative studies, solitary mice are best housed at 23–25 °C, because this is 3–5 °C below the mouse thermoneutral zone and humans routinely live 3–5 °C below thermoneutrality, and because this generates a ratio of DEE to BMR of 1.6–1.9, mimicking the ratio found in free-living humans. Methods Recently, Fischer et al. (2017) challenged this estimate. By studying mice at 21 °C and at 30 °C (but notably not at 23–25 °C) they concluded that 30 °C is the optimal housing temperature. Here, we measured energy metabolism of C57BL/6 mice over a range of temperatures, between 21.4 °C and 30.2 °C. Results We observed a ratio of DEE to BMR of 1.7 at 27.6 °C and of 1.8 at 25.5 °C, suggesting that this is the best temperature range for housing C57BL/6 mice to mimic human thermal relations. We used a 24 min average to calculate the ratio, similar to that used in human studies, while the ratio calculated by Fisher et al. dependent on short, transient metabolic declines. Conclusion We concur with Fisher et al. and others that 21 °C is too cool, but we continue to suggest that 30 °C is too warm. We support this with other data. Finally, to mimic living environments of all humans, and not just those in controlled Western environments, mouse experimentation at various temperatures is likely required.

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“…The physiological mechanisms through which housing temperature influences bone metabolism and homeostasis in mice have not been established, but based on precedent (19) likely involve neuroendocrine pathways related to activation of adaptive thermogenesis, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis. As noted in the Introduction, mice are facultative daily heterotherms and experience fasting-induced reductions in body temperature when subjected to housing temperatures below their thermoneutral zones (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoneutral housing attenuates premature cancellous bone loss in male C57BL/6J mice

Martin

Philbrick

Wong

et al. 2019

Endocrine Connections

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Mice are a commonly used model to investigate aging-related bone loss but, in contrast to humans, mice exhibit cancellous bone loss prior to skeletal maturity. The mechanisms mediating premature bone loss are not well established. However, our previous work in female mice suggests housing temperature is a critical factor. Premature cancellous bone loss was prevented in female C57BL/6J mice by housing the animals at thermoneutral temperature (where basal rate of energy production is at equilibrium with heat loss). In the present study, we determined if the protective effects of thermoneutral housing extend to males. Male C57BL/6J mice were housed at standard room temperature (22°C) or thermoneutral (32°C) conditions from 5 (rapidly growing) to 16 (slowly growing) weeks of age. Mice housed at room temperature exhibited reductions in cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and fifth lumbar vertebra; these effects were abolished at thermoneutral conditions. Mice housed at thermoneutral temperature had higher levels of bone formation in distal femur (based on histomorphometry) and globally (serum osteocalcin), and lower global levels of bone resorption (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) compared to mice housed at room temperature. Thermoneutral housing had no impact on bone marrow adiposity but resulted in higher abdominal white adipose tissue and serum leptin. The overall magnitude of room temperature housing-induced cancellous bone loss did not differ between male (current study) and female (published data) mice. These findings highlight housing temperature as a critical experimental variable in studies using mice of either sex to investigate aging-related changes in bone metabolism.

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Metabolic Response of Visceral White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice Exposed for 5 Days to Human Room Temperature Compared to Mouse Thermoneutrality

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1

What is the best housing temperature to translate mouse experiments to humans?

Thermoneutral housing attenuates premature cancellous bone loss in male C57BL/6J mice

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