Metabolic syndrome among Sri Lankan adults: prevalence, patterns and correlates

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases the risk for Coronary Artery Disease, stroke and diabetes. MS is twice more common amongst South Asian immigrants in US compared to native Caucasians. There are no nationally representative studies on prevalence of MS from any of the South Asian countries. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MS among Sri Lankan adults and investigates its relationships with socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters. Data on MS and its associated details were obtained from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted between years 2005–2006. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed using the dichotomous variable MS (0 = absent, 1 = present). The independent co-variants were: gender, age category, area of residence, ethnicity, level of education, income and physical activity. Sample size was 4,485 (Response rate–89.7%), 39.5% were males and mean age was 46.1 ± 15.1 years. The crude prevalence of MS was 27.1% (95% CI: 25.8–28.5), and age-adjusted prevalence was 24.3% (95% CI: 23.0–25.6). Prevalence in males and females were 18.4% (95% CI: 16.5–20.3) and 28.3% (95% CI: 26.6–30.0) respectively (p < 0.001). Urban adults (34.8% [95% CI: 31.8–37.9]) had a significantly higher prevalence than rural adults (21.6% [95% CI: 20.2–23.0]). Among ethnic groups, the highest prevalence of MS was observed in Sri Lankan Moors (43.0% [95% CI: 37.2–48.9]). In all adults, MS was observed in those with the highest level of education and monthly household income. Prevalence of MS in the different physical activity categories of the IPAQ were; ‘inactive’–38.8% (95% CI 34.5-43.2), ‘moderately active’–33.5% (95% CI 30.9-36.1) and ‘active’–21.1% (95% CI 19.6-22.7). The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicates that female gender (OR:1.7), increasing age, urban living (OR:1.7), Moor ethnicity (OR:2.6), secondary (OR:1.5) and tertiary levels of education (OR:2.3), monthly household income LKR 7,000–24,999 (OR:1.5) and >50,000 (OR:2.1), and physical inactivity (OR:1.6), all significantly increased risk of developing MS. MS is common among Sri Lankan adults affecting nearly one-fourth of the population. Female gender, increasing age, urban living, higher socio-economical status and physical inactivity were important associated factors.

Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Components in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Center of Uttarakhand

“…The results of the present study show that prevalence of MS was 21.1 %, which is similar to prevalence in other regions of India and Asia as shown by different studies [6,8,9]. Prevalence of MS has been reported 19.52 % in Maharashtra, 31.6 % in Rajasthan and 41 % in Tamil Nadu [6,10,11].…”

Apolipoprotein B Is a Good Tool for Screening Dyslipidaemia in Apparently Healthy Population

“…A cluster of CVD risk factors prevail among South Asians, hence they are more prone to be affected with CVD than rest of the population worldwide [3]. It has also been proven that prevalence of CVD is higher in this region.…”

“…According to the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka it is the major cause of death in Sri Lankan hospitals as well [2]. Major risk factors associated with CVD are dyslipidaemia, hypertension, dysglycaemia and obesity where dyslipidaemia is found to be the most common risk factor [3]. CVD could be controlled by addressing these risk factors and taking proper preventive methods.…”

Use of ethnic specific BMI and waist cut-offs for prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

“…One-fifth Sri Lankan adults are suffering from dysglycemia and 10% from diabetes (3). Moreover, 25% of adults have hypertension (4) and a similar percentage of adults are having metabolic syndrome (5). Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in Sri Lanka are more prevalent than many developed countries (6).…”