Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Hoorn Study

Dekker, Joost; Girman, Cynthia J.; Rhodes, Thomas; Nijpels, Giel; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Bouter, Lex M.; Heine, Robert J.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.516948

Cited by 539 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the association we found between MetS and CHD risk, with ORs around 1.5, was not as strong as the associations reported in previous prospective studies from the United-States [3,4,6,7] and Northern-Europe [9,11,12] in middle-aged men, displaying a 2 or 3-fold higher risk for subjects with MetS. Nevertheless, hazard risk estimates of 1.5 to 2 after adjustments, close to those we observed, were found in the USA in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) [3].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been found associated with atherosclerosis [1,2] and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the United-States [3][4][5][6][7] or in Northern-Europe [8][9][10][11][12], where cardiovascular incidence rates are elevated. There is in contrast much less information on the relationship between MetS and CHD risk in low risk populations from Southern-Europe, where the nutritional and environmental background is more favourable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk in a population-based study of middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland

Bataille

Perret

Dallongeville

et al. 2006

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was found associated with an increased CHD risk in several studies but data about this relationship in Southern Europe are lacking. We studied the association of MetS according to three different indexes (the National Cholesterol Education Program's definition (NCEP), a modified World Health Organization's definition (WHO) and the recent International Diabetes Federation's definition (IDF)) with CHD risk in a case-control study nested within the PRIME cohort, composed of subjects from France (Southern Europe) and Belfast (Northern Europe). The PRIME prospective study is composed of 10 592 men, aged 50-59 at baseline and followed for 5 years. Subjects included in this nested case-control study were 296 cases of incident CHD and 540 controls, who remained free of CHD during the 5 years of followup of the PRIME cohort and matched for age, recruitment centre and recruitment date. All subjects had questionnaires and a medical examination at baseline, and a blood sample was taken. R É S U M ÉUne association syndrome métabolique (SM) -risque de maladie coronarienne a été trouvée dans plusieurs études mais cette relation est peu décrite dans des études épidémiologiques prospectives menées en Europe du Sud. Dans cette étude, la relation entre risque de maladie coronaire et SM, défini selon 3 définitions différentes (la défi-nition du National Cholesterol Education Program (SMNCEP), la défini-tion modifiée de l'OMS (SMOMS) et la définition récemment proposée par l'International Diabetes Federation (SMIDF)) a été étudiée dans une étude cas-témoin enchassée dans l'étude de cohorte PRIME, menée conjointement en France et en Irlande du Nord. La cohorte PRIME est composée de 10 592 hommes, âgés de 50 à 59 ans à l'inclusion et suivis pendant 5 ans. L'effectif de notre étude cas-témoins intra-cohorte était composé de 296 cas incidents de maladie coronaire (infarctus du myocarde ou angor) et de 540 témoins, demeurés indemnes de maladie coronaire durant les 5 ans de suivi de la cohorte PRIME, et appariés pour l'âge, le centre et la date d'inclusion. À l'inclusion, tous les sujets ont été invités à remplir des questionnaires, ont été examinés et ont subi un prélèvement sanguin. En utilisant respectivement la définition IDF, la définition OMS et la définition NCEP, la fréquence du SM était de 38,9 %, 35,5 %, et 29,7 % chez les cas, et de 32,4 %, 28,7 %, et 22,6 % chez les témoins. Après ajustement sur l'activité physique, la consommation d'alcool et la consommation de tabac, le SM était associé au risque de maladie coronaire quelle que soit la définition utilisée (

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk in a population-based study of middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland

Bataille

Perret

Dallongeville

et al. 2006

Diabetes & Metabolism

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“…Differences across studies may also be related to the underlying study populations, particularly gender distribution. Only a limited number of studies have included both men and women, enabling a direct comparison between the sexes [13,[25][26][27][28]. In agreement with our results, most of these studies found higher RRs associated with MetS in women than in men [13,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Inflammation, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of coronary heart disease in women and men

Pischon

Rexrode

et al. 2008

Atherosclerosis

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Objective-This study examined whether inflammation adds to the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) beyond Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and whether these associations differ between sexes.Methods and Results-Among 30,111 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 16,695 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study without prior cardiovascular disease, 249 women and 266 men developed nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD during 8 and 6 years of followup, respectively. Controls were selected 2:1 within each cohort matched on age, smoking, and date of blood draw. Subjects with MetS had a significantly increased relative risk (RR) of CHD compared to individuals without MetS, and this RR was significantly higher in women (3.01; 95%-CI 1.98-4.57) than in men (1.62; 95%-CI 1.13-2.33; p interaction = 0.03). Adjustment for most inflammatory markers did not substantially attenuate the risk estimates, although the association was no longer significant in men after adjustment for CRP. Vice versa, associations of inflammatory markers with CHD risk among women were no longer significant after further adjustment for MetS. Among men, CRP and sICAM remained significant predictors of CHD independent of MetS.Conclusions-MetS is a stronger predictor of CHD in women than in men. Most inflammatory markers did not add appreciable information beyond MetS to predict CHD; only CRP and sICAM remained independently predictive of CHD among men. The basis for these sex-based differences warrants further study.

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“…Accordingly, patients who were seen with 3 or more of the following 5 risk factors were defined as having MetS:

Central obesity, defined as waist circumference greater than established ethnicity‐specific values. Because the data on waist circumference were not available, for purposes of this analysis, we used the body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m 2 as a criterion for classifying patients as obese 28, 29, 30. Other large studies have previously used this substitution and showed that there is a strong linear correlation between waist circumference and BMI value 30, 31, 32

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Fasting Glucose Is the Major Determinant of the 20‐Year Mortality Risk Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Younis

Goldkorn

Goldenberg

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundWe wanted to explore the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) versus its individual components with 20‐year all‐cause mortality among patients with stable coronary artery disease.Methods and ResultsThe cohort comprised 12 403 nondiabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease who were enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Registry between February 1990 and October 1992 and followed up through December 2014. The study cohort was divided into 4 groups: patients without MetS or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), patients with IFG but without MetS, patients with MetS but without IFG, and patients with both MetS and IFG. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that at 20 years of follow‐up, the rates of all‐cause mortality were the highest among patients with both MetS and IFG (66%). Patients with IFG without MetS experienced a significantly higher mortality rate compared with those with MetS without IFG (61% versus 56%; log‐rank P<0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the final Cox model demonstrated that the additive effect of MetS (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.16; P=0.02) and IFG (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–1.62; P<0.001) on 20 years mortality was nonsignificant (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.11; P=0.69). IFG was associated with the most pronounced increase in mortality risk among the individual components (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.3; P<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that IFG alone is a major independent predictor of long‐term mortality among patients with stable coronary artery disease versus other components of the MetS.

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Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Hoorn Study

Cited by 539 publications

References 30 publications

Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk in a population-based study of middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland

Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk in a population-based study of middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland

Inflammation, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of coronary heart disease in women and men

Impaired Fasting Glucose Is the Major Determinant of the 20‐Year Mortality Risk Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

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