Metabolic syndrome and renal cell cancer risk in Chinese males: a population-based prospective study

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now a common public health problem. Few researches have reported the relationship between MetS and the risk of renal cell cancer (RCC). To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of RCC in Chinese males, the study was performed in the Kailuan male cohort, a large prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 104,333 eligible males enrolled in the every 2-year health checkup were involved in the Kailuan male cohort study (2006-2015). Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history and laboratory tests at baseline entry was obtained. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between MetS and the RCC risk. Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 131 RCC cases were verified over a total of 824,211.96 person-years. Among the 5 single MetS components, hypertension (Systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug treatment of previously hypertension) (HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.48-3.72) and elevated triglyceride (TG) (≥1.7mmol/L) (HR = 1.78, 95%CI:1.23-2.56) showed significant risk for RCC. Multivariate analysis showed that compared to those who did not meet MetS diagnostic criteria (number of abnormal MetS components<3), HR of RCC risk for participants with MetS was 1.95 (95% CI 1.35-2.83). The number of abnormal MetS components was linearly associated with an increased risk of RCC (P trend<0.001), and the HRs of RCC risk for males with 1, 2 and ≥3 MetS components were 1.27 (0.56-2.90), 2.42 (1.12-5.20) and 3.32 (1.56-7.07), respectively, compared with subjects without MetS components. Conclusions MetS was inversely associated with of RCC risk in males. Key messages MetS might be one of the scientific and important predictors of RCC. Controlling metabolic syndrome may potentially have key scientific and clinical significance for RCC prevention.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

“…listed in Figure 1. Finally, eight observational studies were identified and included in the meta-analysis (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

“…These studies were performed in Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Sweden, Spain, Korea, and China, and designed as prospective cohorts (23)(24)(25)28), retrospective cohorts (26,27,29), and the matched case-control study (30). Six of them included adult participants in community settings (23,24,(26)(27)(28)30), while the other two included adult patients with vascular diseases (25) and adults with hepatitis B virus infection (29). The sample sizes of the included studies varied between 6,172 and 7,613,865.…”

“…Overall, 13573 cases of RCC were observed in the meta-analysis, which were diagnosed and validated in national cancer registries (23)(24)(25) or codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Confounding variables such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), and exercise etc.…”

“…Five of the included studies reported the association between MetS and RCC by sex of the included participants (23-25, 27, 30), and these datasets were included separately in the metaanalysis. Finally, 13 datasets from eight observational studies (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) were available for the meta-analysis. A significant between-study heterogeneity was observed (p for Cochrane's Q test < 0.001, I 2 = 85%).…”

“…For example, MetS has been related to increased risks of colorectal cancer (16), esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer (17), breast cancer (18), endometrial cancer (19), and prostate cancer (20), but not to the risks of lung cancer (21) and gastric cancer (22). Although some studies have also evaluated the association between MetS and RCC (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), the results were not consistent and it remains unknown whether MetS is independently associated with the incidence of RCC. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the possible relationship between MetS and the risk of RCC in adult population.…”