No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction The study aims to determine whether body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome (MS) or its individual components (primary hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemias) are risk factors for common urological diseases. Materials and methods Cross-sectional study with data collected on February 28, 2022 from the TriNetX Research Network. Patients were divided in cohorts according to their BMI, presence of MS (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 , type 2 diabetes mellitus, primary hypertension and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism) and its individual components and its association with common urological conditions was determined. For each analysis, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Statistical significance was assessed at p < .05. Results BMI > 30 kg/m 2 was associated with increased risk of lithiasis, kidney cancer, overactive bladder, male hypogonadism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and erectile dysfunction ( p < .05). On the contrary, BMI was inversely associated with ureteral, bladder and prostate cancer ( p < .05). In all urological diseases, MS was the strongest risk factor, with prostate cancer (OR = 2.53) showing the weakest and male hypogonadism the strongest (OR = 13.00) associations. Conclusions MS and its individual components were significant risk factors for common urological conditions. Hence holistic approaches with lifestyle modification might prevent common urological disease. Key messages Overall, metabolic syndrome is the strongest risk factor for all the analysed urological diseases. Abnormally high body mass index can be a risk or protective factor depending on the threshold and urological disease that are being evaluated. Metabolic syndrome and increased BMI should be considered important factors associated to the prevalence of common urological diseases.

Objective To determine real life impact during the first pandemic year on diagnosis and surgical management of common urological diseases and 90-day postoperative mortality following common urological surgeries. Methods Cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021. We used TriNetX to obtain the data. Patients with a diagnosis of six common non-oncologic and five oncologic urologic conditions were included. Twenty-four surgical interventions were also analyzed. The total number of diagnosis and surgical procedures were compared yearly from 2016 to 2021 and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Additionally, monthly changes were evaluated during the first pandemic year and a z score period time was reported. The 90-day post-operative mortality rates during the first pandemic year were compared to the preceding year. Results Overall, a decrease in diagnosis and surgeries were observed during the first pandemic year, with maximum drop in April 2020. Among non-oncological conditions, the decrease in diagnosis of enlarged prostate (5.3%), nephrolithiasis (9.4%), urinary incontinence (18.7%), and evaluation for male sterilization (14.8%) reached statistical significance ( P < 0.05 in all). Prostate cancer was the only cancer whose diagnosis showed statistically significant decrease (6.2%, P < 0.05). The surgical case load for benign conditions showed higher reduction (13.1–25%) than for malignant conditions (5.9–16.3%). There was no change in 90-day post-operative mortality in any of the analyzed surgeries. Conclusions Our study showed that although healthcare delivery decreased in the first pandemic year, causing a decline in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of several diseases, surgical interventions did not increase the risk of death. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-04167-0.