Metabolic syndrome definition in adolescents should incorporate insulin resistance

Nogueira‐de‐Almeida, Carlos Alberto

doi:10.6065/apem.2040166.083

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These problems persist until adulthood, leading to complications such as T2DM and CVD; therefore, it is necessary to prevent disease progression using early detection. Obesity is considered a risk factor for IR, a common component of the shared pathology of MetS, T2DM, and CVD; therefore, it is necessary to measure IR early in overweight and obese children 29 , 30 . The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is the gold standard method of insulin resistance measurement; however, it is time-consuming and expensive, limiting its clinical use 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Yoon

Shim

Lee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r = − 0.325, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009, p < 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464, p < 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376, p < 0.001), HDL-C (β = − 6.431, p < 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Yoon

Shim

Lee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…These problems persist until adulthood, leading to complications such as T2DM and CVD caused by MetS; therefore, it is necessary to prevent disease progression using early detection. Obesity induces IR, which is the common component of the shared pathology of MetS, T2DM, and CVD; therefore, it is necessary to measure IR early in overweight and obese children 26,27 . The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is the gold standard method of insulin resistance measurement; however, it is time-consuming and expensive, limiting its clinical use 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TyG Index Distributions and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

Yoon

Shim

Lee

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7,404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r=-0.325, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009, p < 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464, p < 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376, p < 0.001), HDL-C (β=−6.431, p < 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.

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“…9,48) Insulin downregulates gluconeogenesis by promoting glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle and inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue. 4,48,49) Fat accumulation due to excess caloric intake and decreased physical activity induces adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction as well as insulin resistance, thereby increasing lipolysis and free fatty acid levels (Figure 1). 48,50) Free fatty acids taken up by the cell via fatty acid transport protein increases long-chain acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol, which induces insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin receptor function via activating protein kinase C in the liver and skeletal muscles (Figure 2).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

2023

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. The global prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in both adults and children. In Korea, the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 according to a national surveillance study. For early screening of pediatric NAFLD, laboratory tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; biomarkers including hepatic steatosis index, triglyceride glucose index, and fibrosis-4 index; and imaging studies including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are required. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which promotes insulin resistance. Thus, the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome has been reported in many studies. This review addresses issues related to the epidemiology and investigation of NAFLD as well as the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with focus on pediatric NAFLD.

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Metabolic syndrome definition in adolescents should incorporate insulin resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

TyG Index Distributions and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

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