“…Therefore, this study revealed how the toxicity potency of various inhibitors (e.g., furfural, HMF, oxalic acid, formic acid, and Na 2 SO 4 ) produced from acid hydrolysis attenuated the performance of BuOH production when compared to production of BuOH using pure glucose as the carbon source. To better understand the inhibitory effects of the inhibitors on BuOH production and cell growth, dose-response assessments of toxicology were carried out to determine the threshold ''toxic" values, and thus minimize inhibitory factors for optimal BuOH production (Chauvatcharin et al, 1998). The characteristics of BuOH generation, H 2 generation, specific cell growth rate, and glucose utilization were investigated for comparative analysis.…”