Metabolism and Biology of Tryptophan

Brown, R. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0381-7_2

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is of theoretical interest that increased production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), known to be the predominant cytokine produced by gluten-specific T-cells in active coeliac disease [29], can suppress serotonin function both directly and indirectly by enhancing tryptophan and serotonin turnover [30]. Increased IFN-γ [30] and, for instance, such events as a stress-related increase in liver tryptophan pyrrolase enzyme activity [23], may lead to lowered tryptophan levels by the enhanced tryptophan catabolism induced by increased activity of the kynurenine-niacin pathway [30-32], even without malabsorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-free diet may alleviate depressive and behavioural symptoms in adolescents with coeliac disease: a prospective follow-up case-series study

et al. 2005

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Background: Coeliac disease in adolescents has been associated with an increased prevalence of depressive and disruptive behavioural disorders, particularly in the phase before diet treatment. We studied the possible effects of a gluten-free diet on psychiatric symptoms, on hormonal status (prolactin, thyroidal function) and on large neutral amino acid serum concentrations in adolescents with coeliac disease commencing a gluten-free diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-free diet may alleviate depressive and behavioural symptoms in adolescents with coeliac disease: a prospective follow-up case-series study

et al. 2005

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“…70 Interferon-c can suppress serotonin function both directly and indirectly by enhancing serotonin turnover. 71 Fourthly, immunological events can lead to local intestinal complications. In patients with type-2 RCD, clonal expansion of intraepithelial lymphocytes appears to be driven by IL-15 secreted by epithelial cells.…”

Section: Ongoing Mucosal Inflammation and Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: the evidence base for long‐term management of coeliac disease

Haines

Anderson

Gibson

2008

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

182

144

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“…1.13.1.2) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO; E.C.1.13.11.42) [11,13]. TDO is predominantly (or exclusively) located in the liver and has a very strict substrate specificity acting only on l ‐TRP, while IDO has a lower substrate specificity (it may open the indole ring not only of l ‐TRP but also of d ‐TRP, l ‐ or d ‐5OH‐TRP and 5HT) and is present in most mammalian cells including human blood mononuclear macrophages [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enzyme may control the growth of parasites and act as an endogenous regulator of T‐cell proliferation [16–18]. Inflammatory cytokines, produced as a consequence of parasite, bacterial or viral infections, increase IDO activity and expression thus causing a reduction in TRP and an increase in kynurenine metabolites in blood and brain [11,14,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low serum tryptophan levels, reduced macrophage IDO activity and high frequency of psychopathology in HCV patients

Cozzi

Zignego²,

Carpendo

et al. 2006

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, is induced in various tissues of patients with bacterial and viral infection or with neoplastic diseases. This induction is considered the main cause of the decreased serum TRP levels, the reduced brain serotonin synthesis and the occurrence of psychopathological disorders often detected in patients with chronic infections or different forms of cancer. We studied 89 subjects including: (a) 39 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and mild liver damage (b) 40 healthy controls, and (c) 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We measured serum TRP and kynurenine levels and IDO activity in macrophages. Furthermore, each patient had an accurate psychopathological evaluation. HCV-infected patients had lower (-28%) serum TRP concentrations than healthy volunteers or HBV-infected patients with comparable liver damage. Depression and anxiety symptoms were particularly common in HCV patients. Unexpectedly, serum kynurenine levels and IDO activity in cultured macrophages (under both basal or stimulated conditions) were lower in HCV patients than in controls. Our study shows that HCV patients have reduced serum TRP levels and confirms that they frequently suffer from anxiety and depression-related symptoms. The reduced IDO activity found in the macrophages of these patients suggest that HCV infection may hamper macrophage functions.

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Metabolism and Biology of Tryptophan

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Gluten-free diet may alleviate depressive and behavioural symptoms in adolescents with coeliac disease: a prospective follow-up case-series study

Gluten-free diet may alleviate depressive and behavioural symptoms in adolescents with coeliac disease: a prospective follow-up case-series study

Systematic review: the evidence base for long‐term management of coeliac disease

Low serum tryptophan levels, reduced macrophage IDO activity and high frequency of psychopathology in HCV patients

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