Metabolism and senescence in the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: focus on new therapeutic strategies

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignant tumor. It has the highest incidence of all malignant bone tumors and is one of the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Osteosarcoma tissues are often richly infiltrated with inflammatory cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, forming a complex immune microenvironment. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules is also high in osteosarcoma tissues, which may be involved in the mechanism of anti-tumor immune escape. Metabolism and senescence are closely related to the immune microenvironment, and disturbances in metabolism and senescence may have important effects on the immune microenvironment, thereby affecting immune cell function and immune responses. Metabolic modulation and anti-senescence therapy are gaining the attention of researchers as emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for tumors. Through an in-depth study of the interconnection of metabolism and anti- senescence in the tumor immune microenvironment and its regulatory mechanism on immune cell function and immune response, more precise therapeutic strategies can be developed. Combined with the screening and application of biomarkers, personalized treatment can be achieved to improve therapeutic efficacy and provide a scientific basis for clinical decision-making. Metabolic modulation and anti- senescence therapy can also be combined with other immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor vaccines, to form a multi-level and multi-dimensional immunotherapy strategy, thus further enhancing the effect of immunotherapy. Multidisciplinary cooperation and integrated treatment can optimize the treatment plan and maximize the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Future research and clinical practice will further advance this field, promising more effective treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma. In this review, we reviewed metabolic and senescence characteristics in the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma and related immunotherapies, and provide a reference for development of more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies.

A novel nomogram and prognostic factor for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma survival

“…Although the incidence rate of STS is low, at 0.029‰, the histological subtypes are complex (over 70 types), and significant differences exist in the molecular and biological characteristic among these subtypes. Among the different subtypes of STS, the angiogenic and tumor immune microenvironment is most prominent in the prevalent subtype ( 32 ). Prior to the advent of targeted and immunological therapies, mSTS posed significant treatment challenges with a grim prognosis.…”

Intelligent structure prediction and visualization analysis of non-coding RNA in osteosarcoma research

“…Therefore, safer and more effective checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapies are needed in the future. It has also been found that different OS patients have different immune microenvironment characteristics and therefore respond differently to immunotherapy ( 102 ). Therefore, studying the immunological characteristics of OS tissues can also help to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy.…”

Immunotherapy Innovations in the Fight against Osteosarcoma: Emerging Strategies and Promising Progress

“…Additionally, CAR-M technology presents a novel therapeutic approach for modifying tumor-promoting macrophages into anti-tumor macrophages, thereby enabling macrophages to recognize combat cancer [ 133 ]. Because although conventional therapies are promising in modulating OS-M, the effects cannot be maintained for a long time due toa defense mechanism developed by OS [ 134 ]. Thus we need immune cell that has memory.…”