Metabolism and toxicological analyses of hallucinogenic tryptamine analogues being abused in Japan

Kamata, Toshihide; Katagi, Munehiro; Tsuchihashi, Hitoshi

doi:10.1007/s11419-009-0087-9

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They commonly retain psychoactivity, and some have been modified to produce more potent activities. Forensic toxicologists should gain updated information on such newly encountered phenylalkylamine-type designer drugs, even though their appearance is usually unexpected and identification of an unknown drug is sometimes difficult [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

b-Keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines (bk-MDPAs), especially 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one (methylone), 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)butan-1-one (bk-MBDB), and 2-ethylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one (bk-MDEA), are abused as substitutes for 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines in some countries, causing increased social problems. With the widespread abuse of bk-MDPAs, the analysis of bk-MDPAs and their metabolites in human specimens is quite important in forensic and clinical toxicology. In this review, the metabolisms of bk-MDPAs and simultaneous analytical methods for bk-MDPAs and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are presented.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is now a controlled substance in Bulgaria, Finland and Romania (EDND, 2011). In Japan, it is now regulated as a "designated substance" in terms of its importation, synthesis, and sale (Kamata et al, 2010).…”

Section: Legal Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recreational tryptamine 5-MeO-DALT (N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine): A brief review

Corkery

Durkin²,

Elliott³

et al. 2012

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

5-MeO-DALT (N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet as a 'research chemical' or 'plant food'. Although details for the synthesis of this tryptamine have been available since 2004, its use as a hallucinogenic drug has been reported only occasionally in on-line user fora. It is controlled in only a few countries world-wide. There is little scientifically-based literature on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological and epidemiological characteristics of 5-MeO-DALT. Here we review what is known about these aspects. We also report what we believe to be the first death involving the use of this substance. The case involved a man in his mid-20s who died in mid-2010. The coroner concluded that the deceased "died from injuries sustained after being hit by a lorry whilst under the influence of 5-MeODALT". It is critical that any other cases, including non-fatal instances, are documented so that a scientific evidence-base can be established for this drug.

show abstract

“…The tryptamine-type designer drugs, such as 5-MeO-DIPT ( Fig. 9), are mainly metabolized via N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, and hydroxylation at the 6 position of an indole ring, followed by conjugation with sulfate or glucuronic acid [30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Metabolismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review

Namera

Nakamoto²,

Saito

et al. 2011

Forensic Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of analogues of phenethylamine and tryptamine, which are prepared by modification of the chemical structures, are being developed for circulation on the black market. Often called ''designer drugs,'' they are abused in many countries, and cause serious social problems in many parts of the world. Acute deaths have been reported after overdoses of designer drugs. Various methods are required for screening and routine analysis of designer drugs in biological materials for forensic and clinical purposes. Many sample preparation and chromatographic methods for analysis of these drugs in biological materials and seized items have been published. This review presents various colorimetric detections, gas chromatographic (GC)-mass spectrometric, and liquid chromatographic (LC)-mass spectrometric methods proposed for designer drug analyses. Basic information on extractions, derivatizations, GC columns, LC columns, detection limits, and linear ranges is also summarized. KeywordsDesigner drug Á GC-MS Á LC-MS(-MS) Á Phenethylamines Á Tryptamines Á Piperazines Abbreviations AA Acetic anhydride ACN Acetonitrile N-Ac-2 0 -FMC N-Acetyl-2 0 -fluoromethacathinone N-Ac-3 0 -FMC N-Acetyl-3 0 -fluoromethacathinone N-Ac-4 0 -FMC N-Acetyl-4 0 -fluoromethacathinone 4-AcO-DIPT 4-Acetoxy-N,Ndiisopropyltryptamine ALEPH 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylthioamphetamine ALEPH-2 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine ALEPH-5 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-cyclohexylthioamphetamine ALEPH-7 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthioamphetamine AMT a-Methyltryptamine AP Amphetamine BDB 2-Amino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)butane 4-Brom-2,5-dimethoxy-BZP 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzylpiperazine 2-Brom-4,5-dimethoxy-BZP 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzylpiperazine 5-Brom-2,4-dimethoxy-BZP 5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzylpiperazine BZP N-Benzylpiperazine 2C-B 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine 2C-B-DragonFLY 1-(8-Bromobenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b 0 ]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminoethane A. Namera (&) Á M. Nagao

show abstract

Metabolism and toxicological analyses of hallucinogenic tryptamine analogues being abused in Japan

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

The recreational tryptamine 5-MeO-DALT (N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine): A brief review

Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About