Metabolism of [14C]zearalenone in laying hens

Dailey, Robert E.; Reese, Ruth E.; Brouwer, Emilio A.

doi:10.1021/jf60228a008

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Dailey et el. [ 93 ] found after a single dose exposure of ZEN (10 mg/kg) in laying hens, it is possible that significant levels of ZEN lipophilic metabolites might accumulate in egg yolk if the exposure time was prolonged. Another study was conducted to assess the carry-over of ZEN into eggs [ 92 ], and researchers reported that no detectable ZEN was detected in eggs from commercial production [ 12 ].…”

Section: Zen Absorption Rate Distribution (Carry-over) Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone (ZEN) in Livestock and Poultry: Dose, Toxicokinetics, Toxicity and Estrogenicity

Liu

Applegate

2020

Toxins

122

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One of the concerns when using grain ingredients in feed formulation for livestock and poultry diets is mycotoxin contamination. Aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, trichothecene (deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that have been frequently reported in animal feed. ZEN, which has raised additional concern due to its estrogenic response in animals, is mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. equiseti, F. crookwellense and F. semitectums, and often co-occurs with deoxynivalenol in grains. The commonly elaborated derivatives of ZEN are α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol. Other modified and masked forms of ZEN (including the extractable conjugated and non-extractable bound derivatives of ZEN) have also been quantified. In this review, common dose of ZEN in animal feed was summarized. The absorption rate, distribution (“carry-over”), major metabolites, toxicity and estrogenicity of ZEN related to poultry, swine and ruminants are discussed.

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Section: Zen Absorption Rate Distribution (Carry-over) Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone (ZEN) in Livestock and Poultry: Dose, Toxicokinetics, Toxicity and Estrogenicity

Liu

Applegate

2020

Toxins

122

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“…Studies of the toxicokinetics and of the persistence of zearalenone were conducted using 14 C- and 3 H-radiolabeled toxin. In laying hens, uniformly labeled 14 C- zearalenone was solubilized in propylene glycol and administered in the crop (1.54 μCi equivalent to 10 mg/kg), after which feed and water were provided ad libitum [ 42 ]. T max in plasma was observed 4 h post dosing, at concentration of 820 ng/g, then radioactivity decreased continuously to reach 12 ng/g 72 h after administration.…”

Section: Zearalenonementioning

confidence: 99%

Fusariotoxins in Avian Species: Toxicokinetics, Metabolism and Persistence in Tissues

Guerre

2015

Toxins

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Fusariotoxins are mycotoxins produced by different species of the genus Fusarium whose occurrence and toxicity vary considerably. Despite the fact avian species are highly exposed to fusariotoxins, the avian species are considered as resistant to their toxic effects, partly because of low absorption and rapid elimination, thereby reducing the risk of persistence of residues in tissues destined for human consumption. This review focuses on the main fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 and B2. The key parameters used in the toxicokinetic studies are presented along with the factors responsible for their variations. Then, each toxin is analyzed separately. Results of studies conducted with radiolabelled toxins are compared with the more recent data obtained with HPLC/MS-MS detection. The metabolic pathways of deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone are described, with attention paid to the differences among the avian species. Although no metabolite of fumonisins has been reported in avian species, some differences in toxicokinetics have been observed. All the data reviewed suggest that the toxicokinetics of fusariotoxins in avian species differs from those in mammals, and that variations among the avian species themselves should be assessed.

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“…It was reported that after oral administration of DON-3G, only DON was detected in plasma, and the absolute oral bioavailability of DON-3G in broiler chickens and pigs was 3.79% and 16.1%, respectively [13]. Meanwhile, the relevant studies on ZEN toxicokinetics and metabolism have also been extensively investigated [15,16,17,18,19]. The oral bioavailability of ZEN was very low (10% in poultry and rats), and extensive metabolism of ZEN was observed [20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Profile, Bioavailability and Toxicokinetics of Zearalenone-14-Glucoside in Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sun

Tan

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN-14G), a key modified mycotoxin, has attracted a great deal of attention due to the possible conversion to its free form of zearalenone (ZEN) exerting toxicity. In this study, the toxicokinetics of ZEN-14G were investigated in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The plasma concentrations of ZEN-14G and its major five metabolites were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The data were analyzed via non-compartmental analysis using software WinNonlin 6.3. The results indicated that ZEN-14G was rapidly hydrolyzed into ZEN in vivo. In addition, the major parameters of ZEN-14G following intravenous administration were: area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), 1.80 h·ng/mL; the apparent volume of distribution (VZ), 7.25 L/kg; and total body clearance (CL), 5.02 mL/h/kg, respectively. After oral administration, the typical parameters were: AUC, 0.16 h·ng/mL; VZ, 6.24 mL/kg; and CL, 4.50 mL/h/kg, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability of ZEN-14G in rats was about 9%, since low levels of ZEN-14G were detected in plasma, which might be attributed to its extensive metabolism. Therefore, liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was adopted to clarify the metabolic profile of ZEN-14G in rats’ plasma. As a result, eight metabolites were identified in which ZEN-14-glucuronic acid (ZEN-14GlcA) had a large yield from the first time-point and continued accumulating after oral administration, indicating that ZEN-14-glucuronic acid could serve a potential biomarker of ZEN-14G. The obtained outcomes would prompt the accurate safety evaluation of ZEN-14G.

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Metabolism of [14C]zearalenone in laying hens

Cited by 62 publications

References 2 publications

Zearalenone (ZEN) in Livestock and Poultry: Dose, Toxicokinetics, Toxicity and Estrogenicity

Zearalenone (ZEN) in Livestock and Poultry: Dose, Toxicokinetics, Toxicity and Estrogenicity

Fusariotoxins in Avian Species: Toxicokinetics, Metabolism and Persistence in Tissues

Metabolic Profile, Bioavailability and Toxicokinetics of Zearalenone-14-Glucoside in Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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