Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol in a Gram-positive bacterium, Exiguobacterium sp. PMA

Arora, Pankaj; Sharma, Ashutosh; Mehta, Richa; Shenoy, Belle Damodara; Srivastava, Alok Kumar; Singh, Vijay Pal

doi:10.1186/1475-2859-11-150

Cited by 37 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…show strong biodegradation ability and have been reported in degrading chlorinated aromatic compounds that resistant to be biodegraded. [34–36] And in this study, these five strains belonging to bacterial species mentioned above all performed well in crude oil biodegradation, which got more than 50% of degradation efficiencies with 1% ( w/v ) crude oil. Flora can form a relative complete system for biodegradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus sp. ASS-2, were isolated from the Zhejiang coast in China. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75.1% crude oil (1%, w/v) in 7 days. The calcium alginate—activated carbon embedding carrier was used to immobilize bacterial consortium. Immobilized cells performed better than free ones in variations of environmental factors containing incubated temperature, initial pH, salinity of the medium and crude oil concentration. The degradation process of crude oil by immobilized bacteria was accelerated compared with that of the free ones. Bacterial consortium showed better performance on biodegradation of normal alkanes than that of PAHs. Improvement of immobilization on the biodegradation efficiency of normal alkanes (31.9%) was apparently high than that of PAHs (1.9%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…The Exigoubacterium spp. are found to have functional properties such as PGPR, halotolerant and in the degradation of environmental pollutants (Selvakumar et al 2010;Bharti et al 2013;Arora et al 2012). So, further exploration of the genus will provide us the total functional repertoire information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds from the bacterium Exiguobacterium mexicanum MSSRFS9

Shanthakumar¹,

Duraisamy²,

Vishwanath³

et al. 2015

Microbiological Research

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Clinical bacterial pathogens front a major challenge for the clinical researchers and physicians. In particular microbial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella enterica are apparelled with systemic machineries to bring down the human immune system as well as proliferate dramatically in a short period which in turn cause a pronounced ailment to the human health. In vitro evaluation of four purified compounds isolated from rhizosphere bacterium Exiguobacterium mexicanum tested against clinical pathogens mentioned above by disc diffusion method showed the two compounds viz., 3,6,18-trione, 9,10-dihydro-12'-hydroxyl-2methyl-5-(phenyl methyl) (5'-alpha, 10-alpha)-dihydroergotamine (C3) and dipropyl - S-propyl ester (C4) exhibit antibacterial property against all the tested pathogens. Among the four clinical pathogens tested, compound C3 has shown higher zone of inhibition against S. enterica with 17±0 mm, followed by S. flexneri with 16.5±0.7 mm, E. coli with 15±0 mm and K. pneumoniae with 14±0 mm, respectively. The compound C4 has shown higher antimicrobial activity against S. enterica with 21.5±0.7 mm zone of inhibition, followed by S. flexneri with 19.5±0.7 mm, E. coli with 17±0 mm and K. pneumoniae with 16±0 mm, these two compounds were found to be safer when subjected to rat haematological and enzymatic analysis.

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“…strain SJCon (5), the 4C2NP-degrading strain Exiguobacterium sp. strain PMA (6), and the 2C5NP-degrading strain Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Two-Component para -Nitrophenol Monooxygenase Initiates a Novel 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenol Catabolism Pathway in Rhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300

Min

Zhang

Zhou

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bRhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300 (DSM 45091) grows on 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) and para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. In this study, by genetic and biochemical analyses, a novel 2C4NP catabolic pathway different from those of all other 2C4NP utilizers was identified with hydroxyquinol (hydroxy-1,4-hydroquinone or 1,2,4-benzenetriol [BT]) as the ring cleavage substrate. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the pnp cluster located in three operons is likely involved in the catabolism of both 2C4NP and PNP. The oxygenase component (PnpA1) and reductase component (PnpA2) of the two-component PNP monooxygenase were expressed and purified to homogeneity, respectively. The identification of chlorohydroquinone (CHQ) and BT during 2C4NP degradation catalyzed by PnpA1A2 indicated that PnpA1A2 catalyzes the sequential denitration and dechlorination of 2C4NP to BT and catalyzes the conversion of PNP to BT. Genetic analyses revealed that pnpA1 plays an essential role in both 2C4NP and PNP degradations by gene knockout and complementation. In addition to catalyzing the oxidation of CHQ to BT, PnpA1A2 was also found to be able to catalyze the hydroxylation of hydroquinone (HQ) to BT, revealing the probable fate of HQ that remains unclear in PNP catabolism by Gram-positive bacteria. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the 2C4NP degradation mechanism in Gram-positive bacteria and also enhances our understanding of the genetic and biochemical diversity of 2C4NP catabolism.C hloronitrophenols, such as 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP), 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP), and 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol (2C5NP), with high toxicity to human beings and animals have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and chemical industries (1). The natural formation of chloronitrophenols is rare, and most of these compounds in the environment result from anthropogenic activity. Apparently, the introduction of chloronitrophenols into the environment has selected microorganisms to develop the ability to degrade these compounds. So far, several strains able to degrade chloronitrophenols have been isolated, including the 2C4NP-degrading strains Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 (2), Burkholderia sp. strain RKJ800 (3), Rhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300 (4), and Arthrobacter sp. strain SJCon (5), the 4C2NP-degrading strain Exiguobacterium sp. strain PMA (6), and the 2C5NP-degrading strain Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (7).Structurally, chloronitrophenols are chemical analogs of nitrophenols. The microbial degradation of nitrophenols has been extensively investigated at genetic and biochemical levels (8-13). In contrast to nitrophenols, chloronitrophenols are more resistant to microbial degradation due to the simultaneous existence of electron-withdrawing chloro and nitro groups, and the knowledge of their microbial degradation is thus very limited. Previously, the partially purified enzymes involved in meta-nitrophenol catabolism were reported to be able to catalyze 2C5NP transformation in Ralstonia eutroph...

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Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol in a Gram-positive bacterium, Exiguobacterium sp. PMA

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment

Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment

Broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds from the bacterium Exiguobacterium mexicanum MSSRFS9

A Two-Component para -Nitrophenol Monooxygenase Initiates a Novel 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenol Catabolism Pathway in Rhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300

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