Metabolism of Endosulfan-Alpha by Human Liver Microsomes and its Utility as a Simultaneous In Vitro Probe for CYP2B6 and CYP3A4

Trophodynamics of current use pesticides and ecological relationships in the Bathurst region vegetation‐caribou‐wolf food chain of the Canadian Arctic

“…In liver of caribou, ΣEndo was dominated by ES (≈93%), with only approximately 7% α‐endosulfan (Figure ). Large concentrations of ES in liver of caribou (Figure ) and increased proportions of ES in the livers of both mammals (Figure ) are consistent with rapid enzymatic oxidation of the α‐ and ß‐isomers to ES .…”

A proteomic method for analysis of CYP450s protein expression changes in carbon tetrachloride induced male rat liver microsomes

“…Recently, the identification of P450 proteins was a major subject of monooxygenase system and hundreds of P450 were discovered (Alterman et al, 2005), subsequently the mechanism of some cytochrome P450s was undertaken and the interaction between P450 proteins (Casabar et al, 2006;Galetin and Houston, 2006;Gupta et al, 2005) and the action of P450 to the other substrates (Zhu et al, 2006;Turini et al, 1998) were well known increasingly. Several common techniques for the cytochrome P450s identification are enzyme activity assays, protein immunodetection and the detection of mRNA (Chen et al, 2002).…”

Anatomical and Physiological Factors Affecting Oral Drug Bioavailability in Rats, Dogs, and Humans

“…In animals as well as in humans, CYPs have been found virtually in every organ; however, the predominant sites of CYP-mediated drug metabolism are the liver and intestine (Peters et al, 1989;Shimada et al, 1994). The most important human CYP enzymes involved in drug metabolism are CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 with CYPs 2B6, 2C8, and 3A5 playing a role in the metabolism of certain therapeutic agents (Spatzenegger et al, 1995;Desai et al, 1998;McGinnity et al, 2000;Dai et al, 2001;Casabar et al, 2006;Mirghani et al, 2006;Turpeinen et al, 2006;O'Donnell et al, 2007). CYPs 2A6 and 2E1 play only a minor role in xenobiotics metabolism.…”