Metabolism of flavonoid compounds in germ-free rats

Griffiths, L. A.; Barrow, A.

doi:10.1042/bj1301161

Cited by 162 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In rats, rutinosides and neohesperidosides are not deglycosylated nor absorbed in the small intestine, but are converted into aglycones by the intestinal bacteria, and then absorbed in the caecum (Felgines et al, 2000;Griffiths & Barrow, 1972; Figure 3 Individual plasma concentration curves for hesperetin after ingestion of 1 l of orange juice. Concentration of aglycones were determined by HPLC with Coularray detection, after hydrolysis by a b-glucuronidase-sulphatase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Manach¹,

Morand²,

et al. 2003

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Objective: Flavanones are polyphenols specific of citrus fruits, where they are present in high amounts. Although citrus fruits and juices are widely consumed in the world, little information has been published on flavanone bioavailability in humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the nature of the circulating metabolites, the plasma kinetics and the urinary excretion patterns of the flavanones, hesperidin and narirutin. Design: After an overnight fast, five healthy volunteers ingested 0.5 or 1 l of a commercial orange juice providing 444 mg=l hesperidin and 96.4 mg=l narirutin, together with a polyphenol-free breakfast. Blood was sampled at 10 different timepoints over a 24 h period. Urine was collected for 48 h, in five fractions. Results: Flavanones metabolites appeared in plasma 3 h after the juice ingestion, reached a peak between 5 and 7 h, then returned to baseline at 24 h. The peak plasma concentration of hesperetin was 0.46 AE 0.07 mmol=l and 1.28 AE 0.13 mmol=l after the 0.5 and 1 l intake, respectively. It was lower for naringenin: 0.20 AE 0.04 mmol=l after the 1 l dose. The circulating forms of hesperetin were glucuronides (87%) and sulphoglucuronides (13%). For both flavanones, the urinary excretion was nearly complete 24 h after the orange juice ingestion. The relative urinary excretion was similar for hesperetin and naringenin and did not depend on the dose: values ranged from 4.1 AE 1.2 to 7.9 AE 1.7% of the intake. Conclusions: In case of a moderate or high consumption of orange juice, flavanones may represent an important part of the pool of total polyphenols present in plasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Manach¹,

Morand²,

et al. 2003

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“…The models of flavonoid absorption assumed that flavonoid glycosides were too polar to be absorbed from the small intestine and that the absorption was dependent on the cleavage of the -glucoside linkage by colonic microflora. 23) The question regarding the route of the flavonoid when are absorbed remains unsettled. Walle et al (2000) 24) found that both major glucosides of quercetin in the onion, quercetin-monoglucoside and quercetin-diglucoside, are hydrolyzed in the human small intestine to the aglycon quercetin, 65-81% of which is then presumably absorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Quercetin and Its Metabolites on H₂O₂-Induced Chromosomal Damage to WIL2-NS Cells

Saito

Sugisawa

Umegaki

et al. 2004

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…However, the bioavailability of hesperidin is low and occurs only in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract in humans due to the lack of the enzyme a-L-rhamnosidase in the small intestine (Nielsen et al, 2006). Colonic commensal bacteria remove L-rhamnose and glucose moieties of hesperidin, leaving the aglycone form (hesperetin) to be absorbed (Griffiths & Barrow, 1972;Macdonald et al, 1983). In contrast to hesperidin, a product of hesperidin hydrolysis by a-L-rhamnosidase, hesperetin 7-glucoside, is deglucosylated in the small intestine by endogenous b-glucosidase (with exohydrolase activity), after which the absorption of the aglycone (hesperetin) is very fast (Nielsen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial a-L-rhamnosidase activity was first attributed to the gut bacteria, which together with b-glucosidase convert ingested flavonoid glycosides into their aglycone forms (Griffiths & Barrow, 1972;Macdonald et al, 1983). Bacteroides strains able to hydrolyse the plant polyphenols rutin and robinin were isolated from human intestinal microflora (Bokkenheuser et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical characterization of the two α-l-rhamnosidases of Lactobacillus plantarum NCC245

et al. 2009

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This work is believed to be the first report on the physiological and biochemical characterization of a-L-rhamnosidases in lactic acid bacteria. A total of 216 strains representing 37 species and eight genera of food-grade bacteria were screened for a-L-rhamnosidase activity. The majority of positive bacteria (25 out of 35) were Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and activity of the L. plantarum strain NCC245 was examined in more detail. The analysis of a-L-rhamnosidase activity under different growth conditions revealed dual regulation of the enzyme activity, involving carbon catabolite repression and induction: the enzyme activity was downregulated by glucose and upregulated by L-rhamnose. The expression of the two a-L-rhamnosidase genes rhaB1 and rhaB2 and two predicted permease genes rhaP1 and rhaP2, identified in a probable operon rhaP2B2P1B1, was repressed by glucose and induced by L-rhamnose, showing regulation at the transcriptional level. The two a-L-rhamnosidase genes were overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. RhaB1 activity was maximal at 50 6C and at neutral pH and RhaB2 maximal activity was detected at 60 6C and at pH 5, with high residual activity at 70 6C. Both enzymes showed a preference for the a-1,6 linkage of L-rhamnose to b-D-glucose, hesperidin and rutin being their best substrates, but, surprisingly, no activity was detected towards the a-1,2 linkage in naringin under the tested conditions. In conclusion, we identified and characterized the strain L. plantarum NCC245 and its two a-L-rhamnosidase enzymes, which might be applied for improvement of bioavailability of health-beneficial polyphenols, such as hesperidin, in humans.

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Metabolism of flavonoid compounds in germ-free rats

Cited by 162 publications

References 13 publications

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Protective Effects of Quercetin and Its Metabolites on H₂O₂-Induced Chromosomal Damage to WIL2-NS Cells

Physiological and biochemical characterization of the two α-l-rhamnosidases of Lactobacillus plantarum NCC245

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Metabolism of flavonoid compounds in germ-free rats

Cited by 162 publications

References 13 publications

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice

Protective Effects of Quercetin and Its Metabolites on H2O2-Induced Chromosomal Damage to WIL2-NS Cells

Physiological and biochemical characterization of the two α-l-rhamnosidases of Lactobacillus plantarum NCC245

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Protective Effects of Quercetin and Its Metabolites on H₂O₂-Induced Chromosomal Damage to WIL2-NS Cells