Metabolism of T-2 toxin by blood cell carboxylesterases

Johnsen, Hanne; Odden, Erling; Johnsen, Bjørn A.; Fonnum, Frode

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(88)90320-6

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other metabolites detected after incubation of T2 toxin with the Chinese hamster ovary cells and the African green monkey kidney cells included traces of T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol [27]. Johnson et al [30] reported a possible metabolism of T-2 toxin to neosolaniol by carboxylesterase activity in human blood cells. In these cells, both metabolites (HT2 and neosolaniol) were produced in equal amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

121

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

121

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“…A solution of rat RBC enzyme was prepared as described by Johnsen et al (1988). 3-Ac-T-2 toxin was mixed with 1 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1 mL of ethanol and then with 3 mL RBC enzyme solution.…”

Section: Preparation Of 3-ac-neosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this methodology is complex and a wide variety of by-products are formed, making it difficult to separate and purify the hapten. Therefore, in this study, the preparation of the 3-Ac-NEOS hapten (3-Ac-NEOS-HS) was optimized by using the liquid from enzymatic hydrolysis of rat red blood cells (RBC), instead of pig liver extract, to activate the C8 group (Johnsen, Odden, Johnsen, & Fonnum, 1988). Several column chromatographic methods were used to separate and purify the hapten, which was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LC-MS/MS methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitrosynthesis of a type A trichothecenes complete antigen from T-2 toxin

Wang

et al. 2016

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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We report the artificial synthesis from T-2 toxin of a type A trichothecenes complete antigen. First, 3-AcT -2 was made from T-2 following acetylation. Then 3-Ac-NEOS as a T-2 skeleton structure was synthesized by enzymolysis and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Next, a hapten (3-Ac-NEOS-HS) was formed by modifying the C8 position of 3-Ac-NEOS using succinic anhydride method. 3-Ac-NEOS-HS-BSA/-OVA were prepared by conjugating hapten with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) by carbodiimide method and identified by UV spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that conjugation ratio of 3-Ac-NEOS-HS to BSA was 8.76: 1 and OVA 7.24: 1, indicating 3-Ac-NEOS-HS-BSA as a complete antigen was better. Next we used it to immunize rabbits and obtained a 1:64,000 antibody titre. In conclusion, a type A trichothecenes complete antigen was successfully synthesized, which was the foundation for antibody preparation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit development for all type A trichothecenes (parent + modified/ masked type A trichothecenes).

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“…T-2 toxin is rapidly absorbed after ingestion in most animal species and it is distributed in the organism with little or no accumulation in any specific organ or tissue (WHO, 1990;SCF, 2001). T-2 toxin is rapidly metabolized by deacetylation, hydroxylation glucoronide conjugation and deepoxidation (Johnsen et al, 1988).…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

برنامج رياضى لتقليل التأثيرات الضارة لتلوث البيئة (الهواء) Exercise Program to Delay the Hazardous Effects of Environmental Pollution (Air)

2005

Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches

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Trichothecenes (TCT) are secondary metabolites commonly found in cereals. They are produced in foods and feeds by various species of Fusarium: Myrothecium, Trichothecium, Trichoderma, Cephalosporium, Cylindrocarpon and Stachybotrys. More than 140 different TCT have now been isolated and described. T-2 toxin is the most cytotoxic mycotoxin of the group TCT. It is produced by Fusarium fungi (F. acuminatum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides) in cereal crops and processed grains. The commonest clinical signs of alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA) caused by T-2 toxin in humans are weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, nausia and abdominal pain. The major toxic effects of T-2 toxin in ruminants include gastroenteritis, hemorrhages, bloody diarrhea and ruminal ulcers. Reduced feed intake and weight gain, diarrhea and impairment of the immune system are the effects caused by T-2 toxin in pigs. Signs of T-2 toxin in poultry comprised decreased feed intake, growth depression, oral lesions, abnormal feathering, decreased egg production, thinner egg shells and impaired hatchability. INTRODUCTION: Trichothecenes: A total number of 148 TCT, (83 nonmacrocyclic and 65 macrocyclic) have been isolated from fungal cultures and plants (Drove, 1988). The TCT are large family of metabolites produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichothecium, Trichoderma, Cephalosporium, Cylindrocarpon and Stachybotrys (Ueno, 1989; Buck and Cote, 1991). These fungi affect grains in the field, but toxin production in accentuated by storage at cool temperatures; therefore, natural poisoning are most frequent in areas with cooler climates (Jones et al., 1997). Fusarium and Stachybotrys grow at many temperatures but toxin production is highest in cold (< 20ºC) and moist conditions. Trichothecenes are therefore associated with cool climates particularly when grain harvest have been delayed into the winter months, or infected grain has been stored in cold conditions (Jordan et al., 2002). Fusarium fungi are widespread natural producers of TCT and different species have different toxin production profiles. The fungi are commonly occurring soil fungi where they

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Metabolism of T-2 toxin by blood cell carboxylesterases

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

In vitrosynthesis of a type A trichothecenes complete antigen from T-2 toxin

برنامج رياضى لتقليل التأثيرات الضارة لتلوث البيئة (الهواء) Exercise Program to Delay the Hazardous Effects of Environmental Pollution (Air)

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