2020
DOI: 10.3390/foods9081063
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Metabolite Profile and Immunomodulatory Properties of Bellflower Root Vinegar Produced Using Acetobacter pasteurianus A11-2

Abstract: Fermented vinegar is prepared from grains and medicinal plants. Here, we produced vinegar from peeled and unpeeled roots of bellflowers (Platycodon grandiflorum) using Acetobacter pasteurianus A11-2 and analyzed bellflower vinegar (BV) samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry over 15 days of fermentation to assess the quality. We also evaluated their antibacterial and immunoenhancing effects using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The major metabolites in BV … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…The L-MA-producing microorganisms can be divided into two groups: fungal species of the Aspergillus , Rhizopus , Ustilago , Zygosaccharomyces , Schizophyllum , Penicillium , and Aureobasidium genera [ 8 , 9 ], and bacterial such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis [ 28 ] and Acetobacter pasteurianus A11-2 [ 29 ]. Some microorganisms produce high amounts of L-MA, for example, Aspergillus flavus produces 113 g/l of L-MA.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The L-MA-producing microorganisms can be divided into two groups: fungal species of the Aspergillus , Rhizopus , Ustilago , Zygosaccharomyces , Schizophyllum , Penicillium , and Aureobasidium genera [ 8 , 9 ], and bacterial such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis [ 28 ] and Acetobacter pasteurianus A11-2 [ 29 ]. Some microorganisms produce high amounts of L-MA, for example, Aspergillus flavus produces 113 g/l of L-MA.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vinegar having near about 5% acetic acid incorporated in water, traditionally vinegar implemented in food preservations applications [28]. Acetobacter species are transformation of ethyl alcohol into acetic acid [28;29].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%