Metabolites analysis, metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

Liu, Dong; Pan, Luqing; Li, Zhen; Cai, Yuefeng; Miao, Jingjing

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.024

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…nodosus bioconcentrated PHE in a time-and concentrationdependent manner, similarly to what has been observed previously in oysters Crassostrea brasiliana (Lüchmann et al, 2014). Increased PAHs levels have been described in many bivalves, such as scallops Pecten maximus (Hannam et al, 2010a), Perna viridis (Cheung et al, 2001), Ruditapes philippinarum (De Luca-Abbott et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2014), Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bocchetti et al, 2008) and Chlamys islandica (Hannam et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…SULT1C1-like levels did not present significantly changes in our study, as in oyster Crassostrea brasiliana from a polluted site at southern Brazil (unpublished data). However, SULT1B1-like presented a major increase by PHE exposure, a result previously observed in bivalves exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (Liu et al, 2014;Milan et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2013). This gene remained elevated even after the depuration period in the organisms exposed to the higher PHE concentration, which suggests a possible key role on PHE detoxification in gills.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Exposure to phenanthrene and depuration: Changes on gene transcription, enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in gill of scallops Nodipecten nodosus

et al. 2016

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Understanding the mechanism of phenanthrene (PHE) biotransformation and related cellular responses in bivalves can be an important tool to elucidate the risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to aquatic organisms. In the present study it was analyzed the transcriptional levels of 13 biotransformation genes related to cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), sulfotransferase (SULT), flavin-containing monooxygenase and fatty acid-binding proteins by qPCR in gill of scallops Nodipecten nodosus exposed for 24 or 96h to 50 or 200μgL(-1) PHE (equivalent to 0.28 and 1.12μM, respectively), followed by depuration in clean water for 96h (DEP). Likewise, it was quantified the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), GST and levels of lipid peroxidation. Increased transcriptional levels of CYP2UI-like, CYP2D20-like, CYP3A11-like, GSTomega-like, SULT1B1-like genes were detected in organisms exposed to PHE for 24 or 96h. In parallel, GR and GPX activities increased after 96h exposure to 200μgL(-1) PHE and G6PDH activity increased after 24h exposure to 50μgL(-1) PHE. This enhancement of antioxidant and phase I and II biotransformation systems may be related to the 2.7 and 12.5 fold increases in PHE bioaccumulation after 96h exposure to 50 and 200μgL(-1) PHE, respectively. Interestingly, DEP caused reestablishment of GPX and GR activity, as well as to the transcript levels of all upregulated biotransformation genes (except for SULT1B1-like). Bioaccumulated PHE levels decreased 2.5-2.9 fold after depuration, although some biochemical and molecular modifications were still present. Lipid peroxidation levels remained lower in animals exposed to 200μgL(-1) PHE for 24h and DEP. These data indicate that N. nodosus is able to induce an antioxidant and biotransformation-related response to PHE exposure, counteracting its toxicity, and DEP can be an effective protocol for bivalve depuration after PHE exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Exposure to phenanthrene and depuration: Changes on gene transcription, enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in gill of scallops Nodipecten nodosus

et al. 2016

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“…Xenobiotic bioaccumulation is a balance between uptake and direct excretion or elimination via metabolization (Liu et al, 2014). Therefore, observed differences could stem from an adaptive response to pollution in native harbor mussels, resulting in either higher excretion, lower pollutants uptake and/or higher biotransformation rates (Widdows et al, 1983;Khan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison Of Native and Caged Mussels Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive biomonitoring suggest metabolic adaptation in blue mussels ( Mytilus spp.) chronically exposed to a moderate contamination in Brest harbor (France)

et al. 2015

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Brest harbor (Bay of Brest, Brittany, France) has a severe past of anthropogenic chemical contamination, but inputs tended to decrease, indicating a reassessment of its ecotoxicological status should be carried out. Here, native and caged mussels (Mytilus spp.) were used in combination to evaluate biological effects of chronic chemical contamination in Brest harbor. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination was measured in mussel tissues as a proxy of harbor and urban pollution. Biochemical biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation, antioxidant defenses, generation of reducing equivalents, energy metabolism and oxidative damage were studied in both gills and digestive glands of native and caged mussels. In particular, activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDP), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured and lipid peroxidation was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification. In addition, a condition index was calculated to assess the overall health of the mussels. Moderate PAH contamination was detected in digestive glands of both native and caged individuals from the exposed site. Modulations of biomarkers were detected in digestive glands of native harbor mussels indicating the presence of a chemical pressure. In particular, results suggested increased biotransformation (GST), antioxidant defenses (CAT), NADPH generation (IDP) and gluconeogenesis (PEPCK), which could represent a coordinated response against chemically-induced cellular stress. Lipid peroxidation assessment and condition index indicated an absence of acute stress in the same mussels suggesting metabolic changes could, at least partially, offset the negative effects of contamination. In caged mussels, only GR was found modulated compared to non-exposed mussels but significant differences in oxidative stress and energy-related biomarkers were observed compared to native harbor mussels. Overall, these results suggested mussels chronically exposed to contamination have set up metabolic adaptation, which may contribute to their survival in the moderately contaminated harbor of Brest. Whether these adaptive traits result from phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation needs to be further investigated.

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“…GST enzymes are important for phase II detoxification processes and for the activation of glutathione (GSH) conjugated with BPDE, which is eliminated by ABCCs [18,35]. ABCC1 is involved in the function of efflux pumps, which contribute to GSH-conjugated with xenobiotic (GS-X) excretion.…”

Section: Modulatory Effect Of Silymarin On the Expression Of Phase Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Silymarin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Jee

Kim

Sung

2020

IJMS

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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a group 1 carcinogen that introduces mutagenic DNA adducts into the genome. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of silymarin in the reduction of DNA adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), induced by B[a]P. B[a]P exhibited toxicity in HepG2 cells, whereas co-treatment of the cells with B[a]P and silymarin reduced the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts, thereby increasing cell viability. Determination of the level of major B[a]P metabolites in the treated cells showed that BPDE levels were reduced by silymarin. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were found to be involved in the activation of detoxifying genes against B[a]P-mediated toxicity. Silymarin did not increase the expression of these major transcription factors, but greatly facilitated their nuclear translocation. In this manner, treatment of HepG2 cells with silymarin modulated detoxification enzymes through NRF2 and PXR to eliminate B[a]P metabolites. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the preventive effect of silymarin on BPDE-DNA adduct formation, indicating that activation of the Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in preventing B[a]P-induced genotoxicity. Our results suggest that silymarin has anti-genotoxic effects, as it prevents BPDE-DNA adduct formation by modulating the Nrf2 and PXR signaling pathways.

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Metabolites analysis, metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Exposure to phenanthrene and depuration: Changes on gene transcription, enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in gill of scallops Nodipecten nodosus

Exposure to phenanthrene and depuration: Changes on gene transcription, enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in gill of scallops Nodipecten nodosus

Active and passive biomonitoring suggest metabolic adaptation in blue mussels ( Mytilus spp.) chronically exposed to a moderate contamination in Brest harbor (France)

Modulatory Effects of Silymarin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatotoxicity

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