Metabolome and Microbiota Analysis Reveals the Conducive Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 and Xylan Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum (P < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth (P < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched Anaerotruncus and Faecalibacterium. In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of Clostridiaceae XIVa, Clostridiaceae XIVb and Lachnospiraceae. Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter. Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (P < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.

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“…Random forest analysis showed that both genus Faecalibacterium and Methanobrevibacter were important predictors of the CHE-induced lipid metabolism disorder. As aforementioned, Faecalibacterium belongs to Firmicutes, and it is a dominant member of gut microbiota, which might have a positive impact on fat synthesis and increased risk of excess lipid deposition in the chickens (82)(83)(84). We also observed that the hens under NEB condition caused by CHE, rather than initiated by lipolysis, increased the proteolysis to fill the energy deficit.…”

Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolite Potential Interactions in Growing Layer Hens Exposed to High-Ambient Temperature

“…Recent original investigations have also highlighted the increment of genus Methanobrevibacter in heat-stressed animals might lead to excessive fat accumulation through enhanced energy capture of the host ( 75 , 81 ). As for Faecalibacterium that belongs to the phylum Firmicutes , it was likely to be a biomarker for predicting the intestinal and systemic host health through its potential anti-inflammatory capability ( 82 , 83 ). However, Niu et al ( 84 ) reported that Faecalibacterium genus presents a positive relation with the abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat thickness in broiler chickens, and similar finding has been reported in the study of Gallardo-Becerra et al ( 85 ), who observed Faecalibacterium was significantly increased in obesity and positively correlated to BMI in humans ( 85 ).…”

Impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome and fermentation metabolites on broiler performance

“…Several of these compounds are associated with nitrogen metabolism in the ceca or serve as cofactors for specific metabolic pathways. More recent, in vivo broiler studies by Wu et al (2021) delineated the impact of supplementing a combination of Pediococcus acidilactici BBC-1 and xylan oligosaccharides ( XOS ) in commercial broiler diets on the gut metabolome and microbiota. Both the xylan and Pediococcus supplements resulted in greater levels of O-acetylserine and the B vitamin pyridoxine while decreasing sorbitol.…”

“…Both the xylan and Pediococcus supplements resulted in greater levels of O-acetylserine and the B vitamin pyridoxine while decreasing sorbitol. Collectively, the metabolite data, along with the enrichment of specific metabolism pathways, led the authors to suggest that supplementation of both Pediococcus acidilactici BBC-1 and XOS accelerated cecal microbial fermentation ( Wu et al, 2021 ). Accelerated GIT microbial fermentation did align with the increase in butyric acid producing bacteria among the GIT microbiota of the birds fed Pediococcus acidilactici BBC-1 and XOS ( Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Collectively, the metabolite data, along with the enrichment of specific metabolism pathways, led the authors to suggest that supplementation of both Pediococcus acidilactici BBC-1 and XOS accelerated cecal microbial fermentation ( Wu et al, 2021 ). Accelerated GIT microbial fermentation did align with the increase in butyric acid producing bacteria among the GIT microbiota of the birds fed Pediococcus acidilactici BBC-1 and XOS ( Wu et al, 2021 ). It would be interesting to follow up both the metabolomic in vitro and in vivo studies with a metagenomics assessment to identify prevalent pathways in the poultry GIT that could be attributable to activities directly associated with these particular feed additives.…”