Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Serum Samples following Curcuma longa Extract Supplementation in High-Fructose and Saturated Fat Fed Rats

Abstract

We explored, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and fatty acids profiling, the effects of a common nutritional complement, Curcuma longa, at a nutritionally relevant dose with human use, administered in conjunction with an unbalanced diet. Indeed, traditional food supplements have been long used to counter metabolic impairments induced by unbalanced diets. Here, rats were fed either a standard diet, a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet, a diet common to western countries and that certainly contributes to the epidemic of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, or a HFS diet with a Curcuma longa extract (1% of curcuminoids in the extract) for ten weeks. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the serum NMR profiles and fatty acid composition (determined by GC/MS) showed a clear discrimination between HFS groups and controls. This discrimination involved metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, pyruvate, creatine, phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine, ketone bodies and glycoproteins as well as an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a decrease of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the administration of Curcuma longa did not prevent the observed increase of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels, discriminating metabolites were observed between groups fed HFS alone or with addition of a Curcuma longa extract, namely some MUFA and n-3 PUFA, glycoproteins, glutamine, and methanol, suggesting that curcuminoids may act respectively on the fatty acid metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and alcohol oxidation. Curcuma longa extract supplementation appears to be beneficial in these metabolic pathways in rats. This metabolomic approach highlights important serum metabolites that could help in understanding further the metabolic mechanisms leading to IR.

Hepatic metabolic effects of Curcuma longa extract supplement in high-fructose and saturated fat fed rats

“…In general, the change in liver FA composition between the controls and the HFS group was similar to that previously described 7, 21 for serum. In short, a significant decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, −27%) was observed in the HFS group while monounsatured fatty acids (MUFA) were increased (2 fold).…”

Treatment of lean and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with a novel stable obestatin analogue alters plasma metabolite levels as detected by untargeted LC–MS metabolomics

“…Numerous studies have associated increased levels of the amino acid tyrosine with diabetes and obesity, although a few have reported decreased levels in this setting (Mihalik et al 2012 ; Tranchida et al 2015 ; X. Zhang et al 2009 ). Furthermore, 3-dehydroteasterone is a sterol lipid of dietary source and a decreased level of this metabolite with PEG-OB(Cys 10 ,Cys 13 ) treatment in animals maintained on the same diet suggests that obestatin may inhibit its uptake from the gut.…”

Curcuma longa on the Metabolic Profile and Atherogenic Index of Rats Fed with a Hyper Caloric Diet

“…Similar results are found to the triglycerides levels. Tranchida et al [23] also studied the use of this plant in rats fed with a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid diet and found that C. longa did not prevent the observed increase in glycaemia, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels. Lee et al [23] did not found differences in glycaemia between users of turmeric.…”

“…Tranchida et al [23] also studied the use of this plant in rats fed with a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid diet and found that C. longa did not prevent the observed increase in glycaemia, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels. Lee et al [23] did not found differences in glycaemia between users of turmeric. Contradicting these results, authors have shown that the anti-oxidant properties of curcumin may attenuate cardiotoxicity and may show protection against diabetic cardiovascular complications.…”