Metabolomics analysis of stool in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus after single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy

Abstract

BackgroundSingle-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is one of the most effective bariatric procedures in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms by which SADI-S improves T2DM are not well-known.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of SADI-S on metabolites in the stool of rats with T2DM.MethodsTwenty rats were fed on high-fat diet and administered with a low-dose (30mg/kg) of streptozotocin to establish T2DM models. The rats were then randomly assigned to the SADI-S group (n=10) and sham operation group (n=9). Stool samples were collected from all rats at 8 weeks after surgery and stored at -80 °C. Metabolomics analysis was performed to identify differential metabolites through ultra- performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsAt 8-week after surgery, rats of the SADI-S group showed significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test 2-hour, glycated haemoglobin, and body weight compared with those of the sham group. A total of 245 differential metabolites were identified between the two groups. Among them, 16 metabolites such as branched-chain amino acids (valine), aromatic amino acid (phenylalanine), bile acid (cholic acid, lithocholic acid, and β-muricholic acid), short-chain fatty acid (isobutyric acid), and phospholipid [lysoPE(17:0), lysoPE(20:3) and lysoPS(16:0)] were associated to the T2DM remission after SADI-S.ConclusionSADI-S improves T2DM in rats by regulating phenylalanine biosynthesis, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, glutamate, proline, bile acid, and phospholipid metabolism pathways.

Effects of single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes

“…Fecal metabolites are the products of complex metabolic activities of gut microbiota in the body, and also serve as a bridge for the interaction between the host and intestinal microorganisms. Our previous study demonstrated that the level of fecal SCFA in T2D rats significantly increased after SADI-S (Wang et al, 2022). SCFA can stimulate ileocolic L cells to secrete GLP-1, promoting insulin secretion and islet β-cell proliferation.…”

“…BCAA levels were significantly reduced in patients with T2D after bariatric surgery ( Arora et al, 2015 ; Luo et al, 2016 ). Previous study ( Wang et al, 2022 ) found that the elevated levels of BCAA are associated with the increased abundance of bacteria that synthesize BCAA such as Prevotella ( Pedersen et al, 2016 ). Consistent with the above findings, our previous ( Wang et al, 2022 ) and present study found that the levels of BCAA and the abundance of Prevotella in T2D rats significantly decreased after SADI-S.…”

“…The protocols of SADI-S and postoperative care was performed according to our previous study ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

The impact of microbially modified metabolites associated with obesity and bariatric surgery on antitumor immunity

“…SADI-S can affect the metabolism of bile acids. In rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with SADI-S, the levels of lithocholic acid and cholic acid were markedly improved, while the levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were markedly decreased ( 68 ). The regulation of bile acid metabolism by SADI-S is beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”