Metabolomics and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Filamentous Fungi

Kluger, Bernhard; Lehner, Sylvia; Schuhmacher, R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2531-5_6

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…The compounds produced by Trichoderma are readily produced and made available since the fungus is mainly located in the rhizosphere and Fe-chelated siderophore is taken up, providing iron to the plant. In general, metal chelators such as siderophores are synthetized and released into the extra-hyphal space to solubilize, bind (with a coordinating complex), and uptake inorganic nutrients or iron in the case of siderophores (Kluger, Lehner, & Schuhmacher, 2015). F I G U R E 1 Example of SMs produced by Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Competition and Iron-chelating Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops

Vinale

Sivasithamparam

2020

Phytotherapy Research

101

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Selected microbial strains used as active ingredients of biopesticides for agricultural management practices (e.g., IPM, Integrated Pest Management) are known for their ability to control phytopathogens, promote plant growth, and/or induce disease resistance. Microbes belonging to the Trichoderma genus are considered as an appropriate example of beneficial microbes and are model organisms to study plant–microbe interactions. Several Trichoderma strains are marketed as biocontrol agents and are known to increase plant growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient availability. These effects have sometimes been related to the production of effector metabolites that beneficial microbes produce during the interaction with plant and other microbes. Secondary metabolites (SMs) comprise different classes of natural compounds with low molecular weight and having numerous biological roles, especially in the interactions among organisms. Metabolomic analysis of the interactions between plants, phytopathogens, and beneficial fungi aided in the identification of several bioactive fungal SMs that positively affect plant metabolism. Some of these compounds showed direct activity against phytopathogens, but also increased disease resistance by triggering the plant defence system, and/or enhanced vegetative growth. A new generation of bioformulations based on microbial metabolites and living consortia responsible for the desired beneficial effects on crops may overcome the difficulties associated with the use of a single living microbial strain.

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Section: Competition and Iron-chelating Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops

Vinale

Sivasithamparam

2020

Phytotherapy Research

101

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“…While metabolomic approaches have already been used to characterize pathways of primary and secondary metabolites in many saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi (Kluger et al 2015), AMF have not yet been analyzed for their metabolite composition. Metabolomics has also been used as a tool to support classical taxonomy (Ząbek et al 2017), but its use in the analysis of metabolites to describe interactions between fungi and bacteria is still limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome changes are induced in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita by germination and by its bacterial endosymbiont

et al. 2018

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Metabolomic profiling is becoming an increasingly important technique in the larger field of systems biology by allowing the simultaneous measurement of thousands of small molecules participating in and resulting from cellular reactions. In this way, metabolomics presents an opportunity to observe the physiological state of a system, which may provide the ability to monitor the whole of cellular metabolism as the technology progresses. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita has not previously been explored with regard to metabolite composition. To develop a better understanding of G. margarita and the influences of its endosymbiont Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum, a metabolomic analysis was applied to quiescent and germinated spores with and without endobacteria. Over 100 metabolites were identified and greater than 2600 unique unidentified spectral features were observed. Multivariate analysis of the metabolomes was performed, and a differentiation between all metabolic states of spores and spores hosting the endobacteria was observed. The known metabolites were recruited to many biochemical pathways, with many being involved in maintenance of the antioxidant potential, tyrosine metabolism, and melanin production. Each of the pathways had higher metabolite abundances in the presence of the endosymbiont. These metabolomics data also agree with previously reported transcriptomics results demonstrating the capability of this technique to confirm hypotheses and showing the feasibility of multi-omic approaches for the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their endobacterial communities. Challenges still exist in metabolomic analysis, e.g., the identification of compounds is demanding due to incomplete libraries. A metabolomics technique to probe the effects of bacterial endosymbionts on fungal physiology is presented herein, and this method is useful for hypothesis generation as well as testing as noted above.

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“…Metabolomics is an alternative approach to the investigation of metabolic changes in symbiosis. Through the determination of the low‐molecular‐weight complement of biological systems (Kluger et al ., 2015), metabolomics provides direct information on the biochemical status of cells. Although little is known about metabolite alterations in OM, some plant secondary metabolites may play a role in the interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

et al. 2020

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 All orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for organic carbon, at least during early development. Orchid seed germination leads in fact to the formation of a protocorm, a heterotrophic postembryonic structure colonized by intracellular fungal coils, thought to be the site for nutrients transfer. The molecular mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal interactions and metabolic changes induced by this peculiar symbiosis in both partners remain mostly unknown.  We studied plant-fungus interactions in the mycorrhizal association between the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea and the basidiomycete Tulasnella calospora using non-targeted metabolomics. Plant and fungal metabolomes obtained from symbiotic structures were compared with those obtained under asymbiotic conditions.  Symbiosis induced profound metabolomic alterations in both partners. In particular, structural and signaling lipid compounds sharply increased in the external fungal mycelium growing near the symbiotic protocorms, whereas chito-oligosaccharides were identified uniquely in symbiotic protocorms.  This work represents the first description of metabolic changes occurring in orchid mycorrhiza. These results-supported by transcriptomic data-provide novel insights on the mechanisms underlying the orchid mycorrhizal association and open intriguing questions on the role of fungal lipids in this symbiosis.

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Metabolomics and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Filamentous Fungi

Cited by 12 publications

References 101 publications

Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops

Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops

Metabolome changes are induced in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita by germination and by its bacterial endosymbiont

Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

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