Metabolomics in Autoimmune Diseases: Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematous, and Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

The metabolomics approach represents the last downstream phenotype and is widely used in clinical studies and drug discovery. In this paper, we outline recent advances in the metabolomics research of autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MuS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The newly discovered biomarkers and the metabolic mechanism studies for these ADs are described here. In addition, studies elucidating the metabolic mechanisms underlying these ADs are presented. Metabolomics has the potential to contribute to pharmacotherapy personalization; thus, we summarize the biomarker studies performed to predict the personalization of medicine and drug response.

LC-MS-based rheumatoid arthritis serum metabolomics reveals the role of deoxyinosine in attenuating collagen-induced arthritis in mice

“…Metabolomics, a branch of science that analyzes endogenous small molecule metabolites using bioinformatics to elucidate changes in organism biology related to biological processes and phenotypes [ 19 , 20 ], has been increasingly employed by researchers in the study of RA [ [21] , [22] , [23] ]. Herein, we employed UPLC/MS to analyze changes in metabolite profiles in RA patients.…”

Cuproptosis and cuproptosis–related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication, prospects, and perspectives

“…FDX1 influences immune cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and iTreg cells) ( 64 ). Monocytes in RA prefer to use fatty acid oxidation to provide energy and drive receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast survival and the associated bone destruction ( 65 ).FDX1 was found to significantly promote ATP production in these cells. FDX1 knockdown significantly promotes production of fructose 6-phosphate, thus affecting downstream glycolysis, and decreases the levels of many long-chain fatty acids, indicating that it promotes fatty acid oxidation ( 64 ).…”

The mosaic of autoimmunity – Finally discussing in person. The 13th international congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens

“…Furthermore, the identification of biomarkers using metabolomics has demonstrated a potential to improve clinical outcomes in patients with ADs by restoring nutritional shortages and reversing the metabolic state [ 202 ]. Similarly, new developments in studying ADs such as RA, SLE, and multiple sclerosis using metabolomics was reported recently [ 203 ].…”