Metabolomics of AS‐5 RBC supernatants following routine storage

Abstract

Background and Objectives The safety and efficacy of stored red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion has been long debated due to retrospective clinical evidence and laboratory results, indicating a potential correlation between increased morbidity and mortality following transfusion of RBC units stored longer than 14 days. We hypothesize that storage in Optisol additive solution-5 leads to a unique metabolomics profile in the supernatant of stored RBCs. Materials and Methods Whole blood was drawn from five healthy donors, RBC units were manufactured, and prestorage leucoreduced by filtration. Samples were taken on days 1 and 42, the cells removed, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed. Results The results confirmed the progressive impairment of RBC energy metabolism by day 42 with indirect markers of a parallel alteration of glutathione and NADPH homeostasis. Moreover, oxidized pro-inflammatory lipids accumulated by the end of storage. Conclusion The supernatants from stored RBCs may represent a burden to the transfused recipients from a metabolomics standpoint.

Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Toxicity by Supernatant of Long Term-Stored Red Blood Cells in Vitro

“…Approximately 100 million units of RBCs are transfused annually worldwide [1]. In most countries, suspended RBCs (SRBCs) have a shelf-life of up to 35 or 42 days.…”

Metabolic effect of alkaline additives and guanosine/gluconate in storage solutions for red blood cells

“…For example, although RBCs lack mitochondria, they have now been shown to metabolize carboxylic acids from citrated anticoagulants or storage additives in an oxygen‐dependent fashion . Omics technologies have helped investigators in the field of transfusion medicine to characterize the multifaceted nature of the storage lesion and, by qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing its evolution in different storage additives, pave the way for future developments in the field. Recently, we performed a comparative analysis of hemolysis, ion homeostasis, and osmotic fragility of RBCs stored in five different additives .…”

A comparison of different methods of red blood cell leukoreduction and additive solutions on the accumulation of neutrophil‐priming activity during storage

“…In fact some of the highest priming activity was the supernatant from group O RBCs (data not shown). As the AS‐3 AS has been shown through extensive metabolomics analysis that it preserves RBC metabolism for 14 days whereas other storage additives, for example, SAGM, AS‐1, and AS‐5, did not . Despite better preservation of RBC metabolism, the PMN‐priming activity was present on D14 in AS‐3–stored RBC units, although it was not significantly increased on D21, reappeared on D28, and reached a relative maximum on D35, which persisted.…”

“…Additive solutions (ASs) allow for the storage of RBCs for 6 weeks and have specific uses with different filtration strategies and come as a part of the LR sets from specific manufacturers . Metabolomic analyses of RBCs stored in AS‐3 have demonstrated that AS‐3 appears to maintain RBCs in a state of relative homeostasis until Day (D)14, when the RBC metabolism changes significantly …”