Metachronous Multiple Primary Carcinoma With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: 2 Cases Report and Literature Review

Abstract

The co-occurrence of multiple primary cancers with hematological malignancies is uncommon, and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with MPC is even rarer, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Herein, we introduce the diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of MPC complicated with APL in our hospital and review the relevant literature. Both patients were primary solid tumor patients and were treated with surgery and chemotherapy, and had stable disease (SD). However, more than 1 year after the primary tumor was diagnosed, clinical symptoms were found and APL was diagnosed. Both patients received standard remission-induction therapy, but unfortunately died in the short term due to hemorrhagic complications. In conclusion, treatment of hematological neoplasms, especially acute leukemia combined with multiple primary cancers, is challenging. The prognostic factors and survival analysis of MPC patients with combined APL still need further clinical research and analysis.

Genetic Analysis of Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors in Women with Breast and Ovarian Cancer

“…An association between certain types of treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and the development of a subsequent metachronous tumor is proven. Such therapy increases the lifetime risk of leukemia, kidney cancer, and some other malignancies [ 4 , 29 ]. Radiotherapy increases the risk of thyroid cancer and subsequent malignancies of breast, bone, connective tissue, and lung at the area of exposure [ 1 ].…”

Multiple Primary Cancers With Hematologic Malignancies and Germline Predisposition: A Case Series

“…The term “multiple primary (MP) cancers” refers to the occurrence of more than one synchronous or metachronous cancer in the same patient [ 1 ]. “Synchronous cancers” refer to the occurrence of MP cancers within a six-month timeframe, whereas “metachronous cancers” describe the development of MP cancers with more than a six-month gap between their occurrences [ 2 ]. The definition of MP cancers is established based on two guidelines: the criteria of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program [ 3 ] and those of the International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [ 4 , 5 ].…”

“…Among MP cancer cases, breast and colorectal cancers are the most frequently observed, with the most common tumor combination being breast and colorectal cancer [ 10 ]. The combination of MP cancers with hematological malignancies is rare [ 2 ].…”