Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Changing Microbiome Associated With the Depth of Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

The relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and the microbiome has attracted increasing attention. The depth of invasion (DOI) is an important indicator of tumor progression, staging and prognosis, and the change in the oral microbiome based on the DOI is unclear. This report describes the use of metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and the DOI. Forty patients in different DOI categories were recruited; 10 healthy people served as the control group. Swab samples collected from the participants were subjected to metagenomic analyses, and the oral microbial communities and their functions were investigated. The abundances of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Gemella haemolysans were significantly increased in the patients compared with the controls. The abundances of some bacteria exhibited a stage-related trend. The abundances of P. endodontalis, Gemella morbillorum and G. haemolysans increased with increasing DOI. In contrast, the abundances of Prevotella melaninogenica, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Neisseria flavescens decreased with increasing DOI. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, eight species were found to have predictive value: Rothia mucilaginosa, P. melaninogenica, H. parainfluenzae, and N. flavescens in the healthy control group and P. endodontalis, G. morbillorum, G. haemolysans and Fusobacterium periodonticum in the high DOI group. In the functional analysis, several metabolic pathways were decreased, whereas flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis showed an increasing trend as the disease progressed. Biofilm formation, flagella, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other virulence factors exhibited staging-related changes. These pathogenic pathways and factors had a clear correlation with specific pathogens. In particular, when OSCC progressed to the late stage, microbial diversity and functional potential changed greatly.

Multiomics Immune-Related lncRNA Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Prognosis

“…Thus, the best classification feature is found, and the prediction result is decided. Therefore, in this study, one thousand classification trees were constructed in the random forest algorithm and mixed 50 times, and the importance of the features was evaluated according to Previous studies indicate that SVM-RFE is a machine learning method based on the support vector machine (SVM), which removes the feature vectors generated by SVM, finds the best variables, and establishes a SVM model with the help of e1071 software package to further identify the above biomarkers for disease diagnosis [11,12].…”

Systematic review and meta-analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated oral microbiome

“…Enrichment of ASVs from the Fusobacterium genus in OSCC samples in our analysis was in line with the other findings, both within and outside the oral cavity. Fusobacterium nucleatum has been found to be an active bacterium in promoting oral cancer by several mechanisms (McIlvanna et al, 2021 ; Zhang S. et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2022 ). F. nucleatum has also been traditionally associated with chronic inflammation, the promotion of EMT among epithelial cells, the alteration of immune response in the oral cavity, and significant roles in several oral diseases including oral cancer and endodontic infections (Shao et al, 2021 ).…”

A Review of the Role of Oral Microbiome in the Development, Detection, and Management of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers

“…The study demonstrated that abundances of F. nucleatum , Capnocytophaga sputigena , Porphyromonas endodontalis , and Gemella haemolysans were significantly increased in patients with oral squamous cell compared with the controls and that the abundances of P. endodontalis , Gemella morbillorum , and G. haemolysans increased with increasing depth of invasion of malignancy suggesting a dose-related relationship. In contrast, the abundances of P. melaninogenica , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , and Neisseria flavescens decreased with increasing depth of invasion suggesting a similar relationship [ 51 ]. A separate study that may provide prognostic value describes the abundance of Schlegelella and Methyloversatilis in HNSCC tumors as a marker of poor prognosis.…”