Metagenomics: A New Way to Illustrate the Crosstalk between Infectious Diseases and Host Microbiome

Abstract

Microbes have co-evolved with human beings for millions of years. They play a very important role in maintaining the health of the host. With the advancement in next generation sequencing technology, the microbiome profiling in the host can be obtained under different circumstances. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the alteration of complex microbial communities upon the infection of different pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, at different body sites. It is believed that the increased understanding of the correlation between infectious disease and the alteration of the microbiome can contribute to better management of disease progression in the future. However, future studies may need to be more integrative so as to establish the exact causality of diseases by analyzing the correlation between microorganisms within the human host and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

Maternal hepatitis B or C status and the long‐term risk of gastrointestinal morbidity for offspring: A population‐based cohort study

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] HBV has been found to alter the normal gut microbiota. 30,31 Moreover, the composition and diversity of enteric fungi were also found to be positively correlated with disease progression in patients with different degrees of chronic HBV infection. 32 Maternal microbiota have been found to affect various health conditions of offspring, such as the fetal microbiome 33 and fetal metabolism of lipid and glucose.…”

“…HBV has been found to alter the normal gut microbiota . Moreover, the composition and diversity of enteric fungi were also found to be positively correlated with disease progression in patients with different degrees of chronic HBV infection .…”

Structural and compositional mismatch between captive and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parrs’ gut microbiota highlights the relevance of integrating molecular ecology for management and conservation methods

“…Recent studies have also linked the microbiota composition with modification in epigenetic patterns in newborns, increasing the need to further investigate the role of the microbiota in the understanding of the phenotypic plasticity in teleosts (Bhat & Kapila, ; Cortese, Lu, Yu, Ruden, & Claud, ; Indrio et al., ; Rossi, Amaretti, & Raimondi, ). Because host–microbiota interactions are narrowly related to the host physiology (Donaldson et al., ; Klaasen et al., ; Liu et al., ; Scanlan et al., ; Wu & Lewis, ; Zhang, Lun, & Tsui, ), it is suspected that bacterial composition of microbial communities will tightly adapt to artificial rearing conditions (water composition, food, environmental bacterial community), which in turn will affect the ability of hatchery‐reared parrs to adapt to natural conditions once released.…”

Taxonomical Annotation of Whole Genome Metagenomic Data to identify Microbiome in Indian TB Patients

“…It has already been reported in several studies, that the microbiota in the sputum sample of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are more diverse than those of healthy participants [28]. Previous studies have already reported many genera that were unique to in the sputum of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, they are Phenylobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Cupriavidus, Caulobacter, Pseudomonas,Thermus, Sphingomonas ,Pelomonas, Acidovorax, Brevibacillus, Methylobacterium, Diaphorobacter, Comamonas, Mobilicoccus, Fervidicoccus, Serpens, Lactobacillus, Thermobacillus, Auritidibacter, Deinococcus, Lapillicoccus, Devriesea respectively [29]. But, when we performed our analysis only with indian sample, we have identified a wide range of genera.…”