“…An understanding of oxidative stress status in bats can help reveal the pattern of transmission of the virus from bats to other vulnerable hosts. Exposure to toxins, ectoparasites, weather changes, and physiological cycles can interfere with bat oxidative homeostasis and result in oxidative stress (Lilley et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2018;Ruiz, Eeva, Kanerva, Blomberg, & Lilley, 2019). The use of pesticides (e.g., Deltamethrin) on fruit plantations impacts the increase in stress oxidative markers in fruit bats (Oliveira et al, 2018).…”