Metal compositions of carbonaceous chondrites

Kooten, Elishevah M.M.E. van; Kubik, Edith; Siebert, J.; Heredia, Benjamin Dominguez; Thomsen, Tonny B.; Moynier, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.01.008

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The presence of O 2 in meteorite parent bodies is unclear, as it was only found in 67P, [87] not representing a pristine comet, making the assessment of its depletion throughout the early solar system's evolution challenging. The high reactivity of free oxygen in the environment of planetesimals containing many potential reaction partners, e.g., metals, [88] makes it hard to assess how long oxygen might remain available there. In carbonaceous chondrites, iron is mostly in its oxidized ferrous and ferric forms, with metallic iron in minor (often zero) amounts.…”

Section: Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Paschek

Köhler

Pearce

et al. 2022

Life

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The origin of life might be sparked by the polymerization of the first RNA molecules in Darwinian ponds during wet-dry cycles. The key life-building block ribose was found in carbonaceous chondrites. Its exogenous delivery onto the Hadean Earth could be a crucial step toward the emergence of the RNA world. Here, we investigate the formation of ribose through a simplified version of the formose reaction inside carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. Following up on our previous studies regarding nucleobases with the same coupled physico-chemical model, we calculate the abundance of ribose within planetesimals of different sizes and heating histories. We perform laboratory experiments using catalysts present in carbonaceous chondrites to infer the yield of ribose among all pentoses (5Cs) forming during the formose reaction. These laboratory yields are used to tune our theoretical model that can only predict the total abundance of 5Cs. We found that the calculated abundances of ribose were similar to the ones measured in carbonaceous chondrites. We discuss the possibilities of chemical decomposition and preservation of ribose and derived constraints on time and location in planetesimals. In conclusion, the aqueous formose reaction might produce most of the ribose in carbonaceous chondrites. Together with our previous studies on nucleobases, we found that life-building blocks of the RNA world could be synthesized inside parent bodies and later delivered onto the early Earth.

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Section: Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Paschek

Köhler

Pearce

et al. 2022

Life

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“…However, these impacts have not been well understood in previous studies based on meteorites because the traces left by these events are only found on the uppermost surfaces of asteroids. This might be because, even if a meteorite fell to Earth with pseudo-magnetite or iron particles remaining, these particles would subsequently be oxidized by terrestrial weathering, although minor iron particles have been found in some carbonaceous chondrites despite them undergoing aqueous alteration 44 . In addition to our acquisition of the Hayabusa2 samples, retrieving samples from the asteroid Bennu by OSIRIS-REx would give us a chance to analyze them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmagnetic framboid and associated iron nanoparticles with a space-weathered feature from asteroid Ryugu

Kimura,

Kato,

Anada

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Extraterrestrial minerals on the surface of airless Solar System bodies undergo gradual alteration processes known as space weathering over long periods of time. The signatures of space weathering help us understand the phenomena occurring in the Solar System. However, meteorites rarely retain the signatures, making it impossible to study the space weathering processes precisely. Here, we examine samples retrieved from the asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft and discover the presence of nonmagnetic framboids through electron holography measurements that can visualize magnetic flux. Magnetite particles, which normally provide a record of the nebular magnetic field, have lost their magnetic properties by reduction via a high-velocity (>5 km s–1) impact of a micrometeoroid with a diameter ranging from 2 to 20 μm after destruction of the parent body of Ryugu. Around these particles, thousands of metallic-iron nanoparticles with a vortex magnetic domain structure, which could have recorded a magnetic field in the impact event, are found. Through measuring the remanent magnetization of the iron nanoparticles, future studies are expected to elucidate the nature of the nebular/interplanetary magnetic fields after the termination of aqueous alteration in an asteroid.

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“…The presence of O 2 in meteorite parent bodies is unclear, as it was only found in 67P, [87] not representing a pristine comet, making the assessment of its depletion throughout the early solar system's evolution challenging. The high reactivity of free oxygen in the environment of planetesimals containing many potential reaction partners, e. g., metals, [88] makes it hard to assess how long oxygen might remain available there. In carbonaceous chondrites, iron is mostly in its oxidized ferrous and ferric forms, with metallic iron in minor (often zero) amounts [89] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oxygen in the environment of planetesimals containing many potential reaction partners, e. g., metals, [88] makes it hard to assess how long oxygen might remain available there. In carbonaceous chondrites, iron is mostly in its oxidized ferrous and ferric forms, with metallic iron in minor (often zero) amounts.…”

Section: Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Vitamin B₃ Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Paschek,

Lee,

Semenov

et al. 2023

ChemPlusChem

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Aqueous chemistry within carbonaceous planetesimals is promising for synthesizing prebiotic organic matter essential to all life. Meteorites derived from these planetesimals delivered these life building blocks to the early Earth, potentially facilitating the origins of life. Here, we studied the formation of vitamin B3 as it is an important precursor of the coenzyme NAD(P)(H), which is essential for the metabolism of all life as we know it. We propose a new reaction mechanism based on known experiments in the literature that explains the synthesis of vitamin B3. It combines the sugar precursors glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone with the amino acids aspartic acid or asparagine in aqueous solution without oxygen or other oxidizing agents. We performed thermochemical equilibrium calculations to test the thermodynamic favorability. The predicted vitamin B3 abundances resulting from this new pathway were compared with measured values in asteroids and meteorites. We conclude that competition for reactants and decomposition by hydrolysis are necessary to explain the prebiotic content of meteorites. In sum, our model fits well into the complex network of chemical pathways active in this environment.

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Metal compositions of carbonaceous chondrites

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Nonmagnetic framboid and associated iron nanoparticles with a space-weathered feature from asteroid Ryugu

Prebiotic Vitamin B₃ Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

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Metal compositions of carbonaceous chondrites

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Possible Ribose Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Nonmagnetic framboid and associated iron nanoparticles with a space-weathered feature from asteroid Ryugu

Prebiotic Vitamin B3 Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Prebiotic Vitamin B₃ Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals