Metal injection molding (MIM) of heavy alloys, refractory metals, and hardmetals

An important goal in research and development (R þ D) is to enhance powder injection moulding (PIM) to combine two or more materials with different properties in a single piece manufactured in one process cycle. A further advantage is the considerable reduction of mounting costs.In principle, a certain range of options should be suitable for creating multicomponent products. An important option is two-component PIM which is mainly characterized by a sophisticated sintering procedure taking into account the kinetics of all powder types involved. Investigations into how to fabricate immobile or mobile ceramic shaft-wheel components have been carried out successfully and even metal and ceramic materials can be connected for fixed joints.A further opportunity is opened up by In-mould Labelling PIM which uses powder filled tapes as the first component. Here again particular attention has to be paid to the sintering procedure, but if this is done, samples containing nano-sized powders in the surface area of the whole body can be obtained.

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“…17,18,19 The most important ones from the quantitative point of view are hard metal alloys, i.e. cemented carbides like tungsten carbide.…”

Section: Powder Injection Moulding Of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processing of tungsten and tungsten alloys by PIM is currently performed in various modes and material classes. 17,18,19 The most important ones from the quantitative point of view are hard metal alloys, i.e. cemented carbides like tungsten carbide.…”

Section: Powder Injection Moulding Of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder injection moulding of multi-material devices

et al. 2015

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“…Over the past decade, in powder metallurgy for the manufacture of metal products for constructional purposes, it was introduced a number of new developments in the improvement of traditional processes of forming and sintering of powders and the creation of innovative technologies that provide significant enhancement of powder metallurgy both in terms of getting a desired form of products and in terms of the formation of a desired structure of powder materials providing improved performance properties of products [1][2][3][4][5]. These technologies include MIMtechnology, slip casting, the technology of producing a billet directly from the metal oxide, and other technologies for fabrication of high-precision metal billets by molding and sintering compositions of metal powder and a binder [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Currently the world market offers a wide range of compositions of fine metal powders and polymer binder to obtain complex shapes of steels including high-alloy steel, copper, titanium, tungsten and others [8,10,13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These technologies include MIMtechnology, slip casting, the technology of producing a billet directly from the metal oxide, and other technologies for fabrication of high-precision metal billets by molding and sintering compositions of metal powder and a binder [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Currently the world market offers a wide range of compositions of fine metal powders and polymer binder to obtain complex shapes of steels including high-alloy steel, copper, titanium, tungsten and others [8,10,13,15]. At the same time, MIM-technology to date is limited in application due to high cost of the finished products, which is due to the use of expensive fine metal powders with a particle size of preferably from 1 to 30 microns, long period of binder removal, and sintering [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process of Shaped Metal Billets Production from Compositions Based on Iron Powder, Iron Oxide, and Binder

Dovydenkov

Zvereva

Alibekov

2017

SSP

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A new technology of metal billets production by molding and thermal treatment of compositions based on iron powders of medium dispersion, fine powders of iron oxide, and the thermosetting binder, which provides for the required physical and mechanical properties of the material, is proposed. It is found that, at a certain concentration and dispersion of the components of the solid phase, the injection and direct compression molding of parts of complex shape (similar to the MIM-technology) is possible at pressures from 70 MPa to 100 MPa ensuring uniform density over the cross section. The established stages of thermal treatment of compositions, thermal behavior and protective medium ensuring uniformity of products, and chemical composition of the product material are presented in the paper. The experimental and theoretical studies of the dimensional accuracy of steel products obtained by the developed technology were carried out, and it was discovered that the produced parts were of the precision of steel parts produced by MIM-technology.

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Tungsten, Tungsten Alloys, and Tungsten Compounds

Trasorras

Wolfe

Knabl

et al. 2016

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Raw Materials 3.1. Natural Resources 3.2. Tungsten Scrap 4. Production 4.1. Mining and Ore Beneficiation 4.2. Pretreatment of Ore Concentrates and Scrap 4.3. Hydrometallurgy 4.3.1. Digestion 4.3.2. Purification 4.3.3. Conversion of Sodium Tungstate Solution to Ammonium Tungstate Solution 4.3.4. Crystallization of Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) 4.4. Production of Tungsten Oxides 4.5. Production of Tungsten Metal Powder 4.6. Production of High‐Purity Tungsten Metal (99.999 ‐ 99.9999%) 4.7. Powder Metallurgy (PM) 4.8. Metal Injection Molding 4.8.1 MIM Process Overview 4.8.2 General Guidelines 4.8.3 MIM of Tungsten, Tungsten Alloys, Tungsten–Copper Composites, Tungsten Heavy Alloy, and Cemented Carbide 4.9. Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten and Cemented Carbides (WC–Co) 4.10. Fabrication of Wrought PM Tungsten 4.10.1. Shaping–Mill Products 4.10.2 Mechanical Bonding of Tungsten to Tungsten and Other Metals 4.11. Surface Treatment 4.12. Melting 5. Tungsten Alloys 5.1. Single‐Phase Solid‐Solution Alloys 5.2. Multiphase Alloys 5.2.1 Tungsten Heavy Metals 5.2.2. Tungsten–Copper and Tungsten–Silver Composites 5.2.3. Non‐Sag Tungsten 5.2.4 Alloys with Oxide Dispersions 5.2.5 Porous, Infiltrated Tungsten 6. Uses of Tungsten 6.1. Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys 6.2. Cemented Carbides (WC–Co) 6.3. Tungsten Coatings 7. Tungsten in Melting Metallurgy of Steel and Superalloys 7.1. Tungsten in Steel 7.2. Tungsten in Superalloys 7.3. Master Alloys 7.3.1 Ferrotungsten 7.3.2. Tungsten Melting Base 7.3.3. Master Alloys for Superalloys 7.4. Production of Master Alloys 7.4.1. Production of Ferrotungsten 7.4.2. Production of Tungsten Melting Base 7.4.3. Production of Master Alloys for Superalloys 8. Tungsten Compounds and Their Application 8.1. Tungsten Chemistry 8.2. Aqueous Solutions of Tungsten 8.3. Intermetallic Compounds 8.4. Compounds with Nonmetals 8.4.1. Tungsten–Boron Compounds 8.4.2. Tungsten–Carbon Compounds 8.4.3. Tungsten–Silicon Compounds 8.4.4. Tungsten–Group 15 Compounds 8.4.5. Tungsten–Oxygen Compounds 8.4.6. Tungsten–Chalcogenide Compounds 8.4.7. Tungsten–Halogenide Compounds 9. Tungsten in Catalysis 10. Tungsten Recycling 10.1. Direct Recycling 10.2. Semi‐Direct Methods 10.3. Hydrometallurgy 10.4. Melting Metallurgy 11. Analysis 11.1. Raw Materials 11.2. High Purity Intermediate Products, Tungsten Powder and Sintered Tungsten Metal 11.3 Trace Elements in High‐Purity Tungsten Metal 12. Economic Aspects 12.1. Production 12.2. Consumption 12.3 Price 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health 13.1. Toxicokinetics 13.2. Acute Toxicity 13.3. Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity 13.4. Genotoxicity 13.5. Carcinogenicity 13.6. Reproductive Toxicity 13.7. Developmental Toxicity 13.8. Immunotoxicity 13.9. Human Biomonitoring Data 13.10. Occupational Health 14. Acknowledgements

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Metal injection molding (MIM) of heavy alloys, refractory metals, and hardmetals

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Powder injection moulding of multi-material devices

Powder injection moulding of multi-material devices

Process of Shaped Metal Billets Production from Compositions Based on Iron Powder, Iron Oxide, and Binder

Tungsten, Tungsten Alloys, and Tungsten Compounds

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