Metal-ion concentrations in sea-surface microlayer and size-separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii

Barker, David; Zeitlin, Harry

doi:10.1029/jc077i027p05076

Cited by 103 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In support of this, Ca 2+ has been found enriched in sea surface microlayers on occasion [Barker and Zeitlin, 1972;Pattenden et al, 1981;Bigg et al, 2004]. In support of this, Ca 2+ has been found enriched in sea surface microlayers on occasion [Barker and Zeitlin, 1972;Pattenden et al, 1981;Bigg et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Salter

Hamacher-Barth

Leck

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sea spray aerosol particles are an integral part of the Earth's radiation budget. To date, the inorganic composition of nascent sea spray aerosol particles has widely been assumed to be equivalent to the inorganic composition of seawater. Here we challenge this assumption using a laboratory sea spray chamber containing both natural and artificial seawater, as well as with ambient aerosol samples collected over the central Arctic Ocean during summer. We observe significant enrichment of calcium in submicrometer (<1 μm in diameter) sea spray aerosol particles when particles are generated from both seawater sources in the laboratory as well as in the ambient aerosols samples. We also observe a tendency for increasing calcium enrichment with decreasing particle size. Our results suggest that calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles may be environmentally significant with implications for our understanding of sea spray aerosol, its impact on Earth's climate, as well as the chemistry of the marine atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Salter

Hamacher-Barth

Leck

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Note that a certain amount of dissolved organic species that can evaporate at 1008C are included in the volatile fraction of the sea spray particles (the organic species that can evaporate at .1008C were not included in this fraction). It was previously reported that the organic mass fraction was typically larger for submicrometer particles (Barker and Zeitlin 1972;Hoffman and Duce 1976;O'Dowd et al 2004;Facchini et al 2008). And Modini et al (2010) reported that submicrometer (71-77 nm) sea spray particles contained an organic volume FIG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mixing State of Submicrometer Sea Spray Particles Enriched by Insoluble Species in Bubble-Bursting Experiments

Park

Lim

Park

2014

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Measurements of size distribution, hygroscopicity, and volatility of submicrometer sea spray particles produced by the bubble busting of artificial and natural seawater were conducted to determine their mixing state and volume fractions of hygroscopic and nonhygroscopic species or volatile and nonvolatile species. The particles sprayed from artificial seawater having insoluble silica particles were found to be an external mixture of two groups of particles having hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of 1.33 (an internal mixture of nonhygroscopic silica particles and hygroscopic salt species) and 1.68 (a similar mixture having more salt species) when the mass ratio of insoluble particles to dissolved salts was higher than 2. For sea spray particles from natural seawater, the external mixing was not significantly observed because of a high concentration of dissolved salts. The HGFs of sea spray particles (80-140 nm) from natural seawater were in the range of 1.70-1.76, which were lower than from pure artificial seawater (1.87), and the HGFs had no change before and after membrane filtration of seawater, suggesting that the sea spray particles from natural seawater contained a significant amount of nonhygroscopic dissolved organic matter in addition to hygroscopic salt species. The volume fraction of the nonhygroscopic species ranged from 20% to 29%, and the highest value was observed for seawater samples from the site where strong biological activity occurred, suggesting that biological materials played an important role in the formation of nonhygroscopic organic matter. Volatility measurements also identified the existence of volatile organic species in single particles from natural seawater, with the volume fraction of volatile species evaporated at 1008C being 4%-5%.

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“…Although the nitrate concentration in sea-surface water (0.6 m) is very low (<0.5 #g L -~ ), the concentration in the uppermost microlayer has been found to be 10 times higher (Barker and Zeitlin, 1972). Thus, primary aerosols that are formed by air bubbling through the microlayer would contain NO~ proportionally higher than in seawater.…”

Section: Formation Of Nitrate Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A study of marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean

Parungo¹,

Nagamoto²,

Rosiński

et al. 1986

J Atmos Chem

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Aerosol samples were collected on a Pacific cruise from 47°N to 55°S. Particle morphology, concentrations, and size distributions were analyzed with an electron microscope; elemental compositions of individual particles were determined with an X-ray energy spectrometer; and chemical compositions of bulk samples were measured with an ion chromatograph. Temporal and spatial variations of aerosol physico-ehemical characteristics were studied in relation to ocean currents and atmospheric parameters. The results show that number and mass concentrations of primary particles depend mainly on surface wind speeds. However the ratios between the major ions, e.g., Na ÷, CI-, and Mg *+, are similar to the ratios in seawater regardless of location or meteorological conditions. The concentrations of secondary aerosols, e.g., non-seasalt sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium particles, show maxima at upwelling regions, such as along the California coast, at the Equator, and near the Chatham Rise where ascending motion brings nutrient-riched deep water into the surface layer. The number concentrations of small sulfate particles and large nitrate-coated particles showed diurnal variations with maxima in the early afternoon and minima at night, indicating that the particles are the products of photo-chemical reactions. Their precursor gases, e.g., CH3 SCH3, NO, and NHa are known to be released from seawater in upweiling regions where biological activities thrive.

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Metal-ion concentrations in sea-surface microlayer and size-separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii

Cited by 103 publications

References 19 publications

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Mixing State of Submicrometer Sea Spray Particles Enriched by Insoluble Species in Bubble-Bursting Experiments

A study of marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean

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